Jisho

×

史

5 strokes
Radical:
mouth, opening 口
Parts:
ノ 口
history, chronicle
On:
シ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
511 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 史 【シ】 history
  • 史家 【シカ】 historian
  • 通史 【ツウシ】 overview of history
  • 正史 【セイシ】 official history, authorized history

Readings

Japanese names:
あきら、 あや、 お、 こ、 ちか、 とし、 なか、 のぶ、 ひさ、 ひと、 ふみ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
shi3
Korean:
sa

Spanish

  • historia
  • crónica

Portuguese

  • história
  • crônica

French

  • histoire
  • chronique
411 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
523 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
496 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
563 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
91 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
81 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
398 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
183 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
332 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
332 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
705 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
317 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
4324 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2188 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2946 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
699 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
3249 Morohashi
3510 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
697 New Nelson (John Haig)
692 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
747 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
300 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
450 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
1666 2001 Kanji
0a5.38 The Kanji Dictionary
4-5-4 SKIP code
5004.6 Four corner code
5000.6 Four corner code
1-27-43 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
53f2 Unicode hex code

上

3 strokes
Radical:
one 一
Parts:
一 卜
Variants:
丄
above, up
Kun:
うえ、 -うえ、 うわ-、 かみ、 あ.げる、 -あ.げる、 あ.がる、 -あ.がる、 あ.がり、 -あ.がり、 のぼ.る、 のぼ.り、 のぼ.せる、 のぼ.す、 たてまつ.る
On:
ジョウ、 ショウ、 シャン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N5
35 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 上 【ジョウ】 from the standpoint of, from the viewpoint of, with respect to, in terms of, as a matter of, in view of, so far as ... is concerned, on, above, on top of, aboard (a ship or vehicle), the best, top, first class, first grade, first volume (of a two or three-volume set), first book, with my compliments
  • 上位 【ジョウイ】 superior (in rank), top, ranking, higher order (e.g. byte), host computer (of connected device)
  • 口上 【コウジョウ】 vocal message, speech, statement, prologue at the start of a kabuki performance
  • 水上 【スイジョウ】 on the water, aquatic, waterside, water's edge
  • 上人 【ショウニン】 holy priest, saint
  • 上下 【ショウカ】 top and bottom, up and down, high and low, above and below, upper and lower ends, upper and lower classes, ruler and ruled, the government and the people
  • 呈上 【テイジョウ】 giving, gifting, presenting
  • 主上 【シュジョウ】 emperor
  • 上海 【シャンハイ】 Shanghai (China)
  • 上湯 【シャンタン】 top-grade Chinese soup stock

Kun reading compounds

  • 上 【うえ】 above, over, up, top, summit, upper part, head (e.g. of a staircase), surface, on (top of), the above (in a piece of writing), earlier part, superior, better, higher (position, rank, etc.), upper (class), elder, older, senior, with respect to ..., in terms of, as far as ... is concerned, when (e.g. drunk), besides ..., in addition to ..., on top of ..., as well as ..., after ..., upon ..., on ..., with (e.g. full awareness), as a result of ..., since ..., now that ..., because ..., honorable, venerable, dear, emperor, sovereign, shogun, daimyo
  • 上向き 【うわむき】 pointing up, pointing upward, upturn, uptrend, upward tendency
  • 床上 【ゆかうえ】 on a floor, above floor level
  • 一枚上 【いちまいうえ】 one step higher, one better, cut above, one up
  • 上 【かみ】 upper reaches (of a river), upper stream, top, upper part, upper half (of the body), long ago, beginning, first, person of high rank (e.g. the emperor), government, imperial court, imperial capital (i.e. Kyoto), capital region (i.e. Kansai), region (or direction of) the imperial palace, head (of a table), wife, mistress (of a restaurant)
  • 上期 【かみき】 first half of the (fiscal) year
  • 風上 【かざかみ】 windward, upwind
  • 御上 【おかみ】 the Emperor, His Majesty, the government, the authorities, proprietress, hostess, landlady, mistress, your wife, his wife, (one's) master, lord
  • 上げる 【あげる】 to raise, to elevate, to do up (one's hair), to fly (a kite, etc.), to launch (fireworks, etc.), to surface (a submarine, etc.), to land (a boat), to deep-fry, to show someone (into a room), to give, to send someone (away), to enrol (one's child in school), to enroll, to increase (price, quality, status, etc.), to develop (talent, skill), to improve, to make (a loud sound), to raise (one's voice), to earn (something desirable), to praise, to give (an example, etc.), to cite, to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.), to arrest, to nominate, to summon (for geishas, etc.), to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.), to bear (a child), to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding), (of the tide) to come in, to vomit, to do for (the sake of someone else), to complete ..., to humbly do ...
  • 上がる 【あがる】 to rise, to go up, to come up, to ascend, to be raised, to enter (esp. from outdoors), to come in, to go in, to enter (a school), to advance to the next grade, to get out (of water), to come ashore, to increase, to improve, to make progress, to be promoted, to advance, to be made (of profit, etc.), to occur (esp. of a favourable result), to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.), to be finished, to be done, to be over, to stop (of rain), to lift, to stop (working properly), to cut out, to give out, to die, to win (in a card game, etc.), to be arrested, to turn up (of evidence, etc.), to be deep fried, to be spoken loudly, to get nervous, to get stage fright, to be offered (to the gods, etc.), to go, to visit, to eat, to drink, to be listed (as a candidate), to serve (in one's master's home), to be complete, to finish, above, north of
  • 上がり 【あがり】 rise, increase, ascent, income, takings, earnings, proceeds, (crop) yield, return, profit, completion, end, finish, end result (e.g. of crafts), how something comes out, finish, finishing (in a board or card game, etc.), green tea (esp. in a sushi restaurant), after (rain, illness, etc.), ex- (e.g. ex-bureaucrat), former
  • 上がり下り 【あがりおり】 going up and down, ascent and descent
  • 芸者上がり 【げいしゃあがり】 ex-geisha, former geisha
  • 上る 【のぼる】 to ascend, to go up, to climb, to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun), to rise, to go to (the capital), to be promoted, to add up to, to advance (in price), to swim up (a river), to sail up, to come up (on the agenda)
  • 上り 【のぼり】 ascent, climbing, ascending (path), climb, up-train, train heading toward the starting point of its route, upbound (esp. toward Tokyo), upstream, uphill
  • 上り下り 【のぼりくだり】 going up and down, ascent and descent, climb and descent
  • 逆上せる 【のぼせる】 to feel dizzy, to have blood rush to one's head, to lose one's cool, to be obsessed, to be infatuated, to become conceited
  • 上せる 【のぼせる】 to raise, to record, to bring up (a matter), to serve (food), to send some on out
  • 上す 【のぼす】 to raise, to record, to bring up (a matter), to serve (food), to send someone out

Readings

Japanese names:
あおい、 あげ、 い、 か、 かき、 かず、 かん、 こう、 のぼり、 ほつ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
shang4, shang3
Korean:
sang

Spanish

  • arriba
  • encima
  • parte superior
  • cima
  • superficie

Portuguese

  • acima
  • para cima
  • sobre
  • subir
  • galgar
  • em cima
  • escalar

French

  • au-dessus
  • haut
  • monter
  • donner (je te donne)
20 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
23 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
37 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
21 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
798 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
29 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
5 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
47 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
2.14 Japanese for Busy People
32 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
32 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
31 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
6 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
4212 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2128 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2876 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
49 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
13 Morohashi
3404 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
10 New Nelson (John Haig)
49 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
50 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
29 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
12 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
1272 2001 Kanji
2m1.1 The Kanji Dictionary
4-3-2 SKIP code
2110.0 Four corner code
1-30-69 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
4e0a Unicode hex code

最

12 strokes
Radical:
say 曰
Parts:
一 又 日 耳
Variants:
冣
utmost, most, extreme
Kun:
もっと.も、 つま
On:
サイ、 シュ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
82 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 最 【サイ】 the most, the extreme, prime, conspicuous
  • 最悪 【サイアク】 worst, horrible, horrid, awful, terrible, in the worst case, if worst comes to worst

Kun reading compounds

  • 最も 【もっとも】 most, extremely
  • 最も近い共通祖先 【もっともちかいきょうつうそせん】 most recent common ancestor

Readings

Japanese names:
も
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
zui4
Korean:
choe

Spanish

  • prefijo para superlativo
  • más
  • sumamente
  • extremadamente

Portuguese

  • Capacidade máxima
  • maior
  • extremo

French

  • le plus
  • ultra-
  • extrême
402 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
510 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
484 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
121 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2146 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
291 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
612 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
1742 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.11 Japanese for Busy People
263 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
263 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
439 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1000 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3120 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1599 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2181 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
829 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
14301 Morohashi
2472 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2492 New Nelson (John Haig)
821 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
884 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
99 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
587 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3867 2001 Kanji
4c8.10 The Kanji Dictionary
2-4-8 SKIP code
6014.7 Four corner code
1-26-39 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
6700 Unicode hex code

凶

4 strokes
Radical:
container, open mouth 凵
Parts:
丶 ノ 凵
villain, evil, bad luck, disaster
On:
キョウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1673 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 凶 【キョウ】 bad luck, bad fortune, evil, wickedness
  • 凶悪 【キョウアク】 atrocious, heinous, fiendish, brutal, vicious
  • 元凶 【ゲンキョウ】 ringleader, main culprit, main cause, source
  • 大凶 【ダイキョウ】 terrible luck, very bad luck

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
xiong1
Korean:
hyung

Spanish

  • mal
  • maldad
  • desastre
  • calamidad

Portuguese

  • vilão
  • mau
  • sorte ruim
  • desastre

French

  • vaurien
  • mauvais
  • malchance
  • désastre
1159 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
1725 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
663 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
1337 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
1085 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
173 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
1280 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
1354 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
1812 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
172 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3679 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1877 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2557 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1503 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
1803 Morohashi
2961 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
442 New Nelson (John Haig)
1490 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1603 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
1022 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
1275 2001 Kanji
0a4.19 The Kanji Dictionary
3-2-2 SKIP code
2277.0 Four corner code
1-22-07 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
51f6 Unicode hex code

注

8 strokes
Radical:
water 水 (氵, 氺)
Parts:
丶 汁 王
pour, irrigate, shed (tears), flow into, concentrate on, notes, comment, annotate
Kun:
そそ.ぐ、 さ.す、 つ.ぐ
On:
チュウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
497 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 注 【チュウ】 annotation, explanatory note, comment
  • 注意 【チュウイ】 attention, notice, heed, care, caution, precaution, looking out (for), watching out (for), advice, warning, caution, reminder, admonishment, reprimand, telling-off
  • 受注 【ジュチュウ】 accepting an order, receiving an order, orders received, closed won
  • 特注 【トクチュウ】 special order (goods), custom (made), bespoke

Kun reading compounds

  • 注ぐ 【そそぐ】 to pour (into), to sprinkle on (from above), to water (e.g. plants), to pour onto, to spray, to shed (tears), to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on, to devote to, to fix (one's eyes) on, to flow into (e.g. of a river), to run into, to drain into, to fall (of rain, snow), to pour down
  • 注す 【さす】 to pour, to add (liquid), to serve (drinks), to put on (lipstick, etc.), to apply, to colour, to dye, to light (a fire), to burn
  • 注ぐ 【つぐ】 to pour (into a vessel), to fill (a cup, bowl, etc.) with, to dish out (food or drink)

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
zhu4
Korean:
ju

Spanish

  • derramar
  • verter
  • regar
  • concentrarse

Portuguese

  • derramar
  • irrigar
  • verter (lágrimas)
  • desaguar
  • colocar em(copos)
  • notas
  • comentário
  • anotar

French

  • verser
  • se jeter dans
  • arroser
  • servir (boisson)
  • note
  • remarque
  • annotation
  • commentaire
277 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
365 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
344 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
437 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2531 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
444 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
208 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
591 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.17 Japanese for Busy People
357 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
358 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
290 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1175 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
383 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
240 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
287 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
273 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
17316 Morohashi
325 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
3103 New Nelson (John Haig)
267 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
285 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
459 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
307 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
372 2001 Kanji
3a5.16 The Kanji Dictionary
1-3-5 SKIP code
3011.4 Four corner code
1-35-77 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
6ce8 Unicode hex code

文

4 strokes
Radical:
script, literature 文
Parts:
文
sentence, literature, style, art, decoration, figures, plan, literary radical (no. 67)
Kun:
ふみ、 あや
On:
ブン、 モン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N4
190 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 文 【ブン】 sentence, composition, text, writings, the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts), academia, literature, statement
  • 文化 【ブンカ】 culture, civilization, civilisation, Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
  • 公文 【コウブン】 official document, archives
  • 異文 【イブン】 variant (in a manuscript or book), part of a text that differs from other versions
  • 文 【モン】 mon, one-thousandth of a kan (unit of currency 1336-1870), mon, traditional unit used for shoe and sock sizes (approx. 2.4 cm), letter, character, sentence, scripture, incantation
  • 紋 【モン】 (family) crest, coat of arms, pattern, figure, playing card suit (in karuta)
  • 人文 【ジンブン】 humanity, civilization, civilisation, culture
  • 縄文 【ジョウモン】 straw-rope pattern pressed into earthenware, Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)

Kun reading compounds

  • 文 【ふみ】 letter, note, mail, book, writings, literary arts, learning, scholarship
  • 文香 【ふみこう】 scented insert (to enclose with a letter), perfumed insert
  • 御文 【おふみ】 Gobunsho (The Epistles, a collection of letters written by Rennyo)
  • 雁の文 【かりのふみ】 (a) letter
  • 綾 【あや】 figure, design, twill weave, pattern of diagonal stripes, style (of writing), figure (of speech), design, plot, plan, minor market fluctuation, technical correction, cat's cradle, lease rod (in a loom)
  • 文つける 【あやつける】 to make a false accusation, to invent a pretext for a quarrel
  • 言葉は身の文 【ことばはみのあや】 words betray one's character

Readings

Japanese names:
かざり、 ふ、 も
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
wen2, wen4
Korean:
mun

Spanish

  • letras
  • literatura

Portuguese

  • sentença
  • literatura
  • estilo
  • arte
  • decoração
  • figuras
  • plano

French

  • phrase
  • littérature
  • style
  • art
  • décoration
  • figure (de style)
  • plan
  • radical littéraire (no. 67)
134 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
77 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
68 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
136 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2064 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
71 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
180 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
86 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.19 Japanese for Busy People
111 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
111 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
320 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
949 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
2458 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1242 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1708 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1741 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
13450 Morohashi
1962 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2364 New Nelson (John Haig)
1725 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1861 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
89 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
35 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
466 2001 Kanji
2j2.4 The Kanji Dictionary
2-2-2 SKIP code
0040.0 Four corner code
1-42-24 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
6587 Unicode hex code