| 149 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 37 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 73 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 61 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3343 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 72 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 78 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 194 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.7 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 121 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 121 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 174 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1459 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2486 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1257 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1723 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 438 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 25721 | Morohashi |
| 1992 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4223 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 431 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 462 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 35 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 49 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
立
stand up, rise, set up, erect
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N4
58 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 立案 【リツアン】 planning, devising (a plan), drafting, drawing up
- 立像 【リツゾウ】 standing statue, standing image
- 並立 【ヘイリツ】 standing abreast
- 不成立 【フセイリツ】 failure (e.g. of a bill, motion), falling through, rejection, miscarriage
- 立ち木 【タチキ】 standing tree, standing timber
- 立纓 【リュウエイ】 erect tail (of a traditional Japanese hat)
- 開立 【カイリュウ】 extraction of cubic root
- 造立 【ゾウリュウ】 erecting (a temple, Buddhist statue, etc.)
Kun reading compounds
- 立つ 【たつ】 to stand (up), to rise, to get to one's feet, to stand on end (e.g. of hairs), to stick up, to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.), to be situated (in, on), to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.), to put oneself (in a position or situation), to take up (a position, post, etc.), to position oneself, to leave (to do something), to depart (on a journey, trip, etc.), to leave, to set off, to start, to get stuck (into; of an arrow, thorn etc.), to pierce, to develop (of a haze, waves, etc.), to form (of steam, bubbles, etc.), to appear (of a rainbow, clouds, etc.), to rise (of smoke, waves, etc.), to begin to blow (of a wind, breeze, etc.), to spread (of a rumour, reputation, etc.), to be become widely known, to stand (for election), to run, to take action, to act, to rise (up), to rouse oneself, to have an erection, to become erect (e.g. of nipples), to be established (of a policy, plan, objective, etc.), to be formed, to be valid (of an argument, logic, etc.), to hold up, to hold water, to stand up (e.g. of evidence), to be logical, to be reasonable, to be sustained (of a living, business, etc.), to be maintained, to survive, to be preserved (of one's reputation, honour, etc.), to be saved, to start (of a season), to begin, to be held (of a market), to shut (of a door, shoji, etc.), to be shut, to be closed, to be (the result of a division)
- 立つ瀬 【たつせ】 one's position, one's face, one's honour, one's reputation
- 突立 【とったつ】 stand straight up
- 立てる 【たてる】 to stand up, to put up, to set up, to erect, to raise, to thrust into, to bury into, to dig into, to make (a noise), to start (a rumour), to raise (a cloud of dust, etc.), to cause, to make, to establish, to set up, to develop, to formulate, to put up (a political candidate), to make (one's leader), to treat with respect, to give (someone) their due, to make (someone) look good, to avoid embarrassing (someone), to sharpen, to make clear, to shut, to close, to make tea (matcha), to perform the tea ceremony, to divide by, to do ... vigorously
Readings
- Japanese names:
- たち、 たっ、 たつ、 だて、 つい
- Korean:
- rib
Spanish
- levantarse
- alzarse
- ponerse en pie
- levantar
- erigir
- estar en pie
Portuguese
- Ficar de pé
- levantar-se
French
- debout
| 473 | 2001 Kanji |
| 5b0.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-3 | SKIP code |
| 4-5-2 | SKIP code |
| 0010.8 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-09 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7acb | Unicode hex code |
constitution, law
- On:
- ケン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N1
551 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 憲章 【ケンショウ】 charter
- 憲政 【ケンセイ】 constitutional government, exemplary government, excellent government
- 違憲 【イケン】 unconstitutionality
- 改憲 【カイケン】 constitutional change, revising the constitution
Readings
- Japanese names:
- かず、 のり、 よし
- Korean:
- heon
Spanish
- regulación
- ley
- norma
- funcionario
Portuguese
- Constituição
- lei
French
- constitution
- loi
| 773 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 863 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 852 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 943 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1342 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 622 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1322 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2562 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 521 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 530 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 787 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 803 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3001 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1533 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2091 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1568 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 11269P | Morohashi |
| 2368 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1988 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1554 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1674 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 429 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 991 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 758 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3m13.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-13 | SKIP code |
| 3033.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-23-91 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 61b2 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
28 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 民 【ミン】 citizen, resident, person, user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
- 民意 【ミンイ】 popular will, will of the people
- 自民 【ジミン】 Liberal Democratic Party, LDP
- 公民 【コウミン】 citizen
Kun reading compounds
- 民 【たみ】 people, citizens, subjects, folk
- 民草 【たみくさ】 people, populace
- 国民 【くにたみ】 people of a country
- 流浪の民 【るろうのたみ】 wandering people, nomadic tribe
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ひと、 み
- Korean:
- min
Spanish
- gente
- pueblo
Portuguese
- pessoas
- nação
- assuntos
French
- peuple
- nation
- citoyen
| 518 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 619 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 590 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 70 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 25 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 246 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 206 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 333 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 177 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 177 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 536 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1149 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3770 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1922 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2614 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1851 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 17028 | Morohashi |
| 3036 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3021 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1834 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1976 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 30 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 459 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3756 | 2001 Kanji |
| 0a5.23 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-2 | SKIP code |
| 4-5-1 | SKIP code |
| 7774.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-44-17 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6c11 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
95 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 主 【シュ】 (one's) master, (one's) employer, (one's) lord, leader (of a country, group, etc.), head, chief, Lord, main thing, chief part, first consideration, primary object, principal aim
- 主 【シュウ】 (one's) master, (one's) employer, (one's) lord
- 自主 【ジシュ】 independence, autonomy, self-reliance
- 盟主 【メイシュ】 leader (of an alliance), leading power
- 主 【ス】 honorific (or familiar) suffix used after a name
- 法主 【ホッス】 high priest
- 座主 【ザス】 temple's head priest
- 主 【シュウ】 (one's) master, (one's) employer, (one's) lord
- 主従 【シュウジュウ】 master and servant, lord and retainer, employer and employee
- 男主 【オトコアルジ】 male head of a household, male owner, landlord, proprietor, male employer
Kun reading compounds
- 主 【ぬし】 head (of a household, etc.), leader, master, owner, proprietor, proprietress, subject (of a rumour, etc.), doer (of a deed), guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers), long-time resident (or employee, etc.), husband, you
- 馬主 【うまぬし】 owner of a horse (esp. racehorse), registered owner (of a racehorse)
- 船主 【せんしゅ】 shipowner
- 主 【おも】 chief, main, principal, important, main secondary or supporting role (in kyogen)
- 主に 【おもに】 mainly, primarily, mostly, largely, chiefly
- 主 【あるじ】 head (of a household), proprietor (of a store), proprietress, landlord, landlady, master (of a servant), entertaining someone as one's guest
- 男主 【おとこあるじ】 male head of a household, male owner, landlord, proprietor, male employer
- 女主 【おんなあるじ】 female owner, proprietress, landlady, female head of a household
Readings
- Japanese names:
- かず、 ず、 もん
- Korean:
- ju
Spanish
- señor
- jefe
- dueño
- patrón
Portuguese
- senhor
- chefe
- mestre
- coisa principal
- principal
French
- maître
- seigneur
- chef
- principal
- propriétaire
- mari
| 237 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 315 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 299 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 91 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 285 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 49 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 106 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 196 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.10 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 155 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 155 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 70 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 19 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2437 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1231 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1696 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 272 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 100 | Morohashi |
| 1938 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 38 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 266 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 284 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 34 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 252 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 472 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4f1.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-1-4 | SKIP code |
| 4-5-2 | SKIP code |
| 2-2-3 | SKIP code |
| 0010.4 | Four corner code |
| 1-28-71 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 4e3b | Unicode hex code |