| 376 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 484 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 460 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 159 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 581 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 240 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 342 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 292 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 196 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 196 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 419 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 154 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3045 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1551 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2122 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1812 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1458 | Morohashi |
| 2393 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 373 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1795 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1934 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 106 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 464 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
174 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 共演 【キョウエン】 appearing together (in a film, play, etc.), performing together (at a concert, etc.), acting together, co-starring, playing together (in a sports match)
- 共栄 【キョウエイ】 mutual prosperity
- 反共 【ハンキョウ】 anticommunism
- 中共 【チュウキョウ】 Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Communists, Communist China
Kun reading compounds
- 共 【とも】 together with, same, both, all, neither, none, including ...
- 共に 【ともに】 together, jointly, at the same time, with, as ..., including, along with, both
- 送料共 【そうりょうとも】 including postage
- 母子とも 【ぼしとも】 both mother and child
- 共に 【ともに】 together, jointly, at the same time, with, as ..., including, along with, both
- 共にする 【ともにする】 to do together, to share, to participate in
Readings
- Korean:
- gong
Spanish
- ambos
- conjuntamente
- juntos
- también
Portuguese
- juntamente
- ambos (em afirm.)
- nenhum (em neg.)
- todo
- e
- da mesma forma
- com
French
- ensemble
- les deux
- ni l'un ni l'autre
- tous
- et
- semblable
- avec
| 1961 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3k3.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-4-2 | SKIP code |
| 2-3-3 | SKIP code |
| 4480.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-06 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5171 | Unicode hex code |
traffic, pass through, avenue, commute, counter for letters, notes, documents, etc.
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
80 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 通 【ツウ】 authority, expert, connoisseur, well-informed person, counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc., understanding (esp. of male-female relations), tact, insight, supernatural powers, magical powers
- 通院 【ツウイン】 going to the hospital for regular treatment, going to the hospital as an outpatient
- 富士通 【フジツウ】 Fujitsu
- 食通 【ショクツウ】 gourmandism, gourmet, gourmand, foodie
- 通 【ツウ】 authority, expert, connoisseur, well-informed person, counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc., understanding (esp. of male-female relations), tact, insight, supernatural powers, magical powers
- 通院 【ツウイン】 going to the hospital for regular treatment, going to the hospital as an outpatient
Kun reading compounds
- 通る 【とおる】 to go by, to go past, to go along, to travel along, to pass through, to use (a road), to take (a route), to go via, to go by way of, to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.), to operate (between), to connect, to go indoors, to go into a room, to be admitted, to be shown in, to be ushered in, to come in, to penetrate, to pierce, to skewer, to go through, to come through, to permeate, to soak into, to spread throughout, to carry (e.g. of a voice), to reach far, to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen), to be relayed, to be conveyed, to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.), to be approved, to be accepted, to go by (a name), to be known as, to be accepted as, to have a reputation for, to be coherent, to be logical, to be reasonable, to be comprehensible, to be understandable, to make sense, to get across (e.g. of one's point), to be understood, to pass for, to come across as, to seem like, to be straight (e.g. wood grain), to be well-informed, to be wise, to do ... completely, to do ... thoroughly
- 通り 【とおり】 street, road, avenue, thoroughfare, traffic, coming and going, flow (of water, air, etc.), passage, running, transmission (of sound), reach (of voice), reputation, favor, favour, popularity, understanding, comprehension, comprehensibility, clarity, the same way (as), as (follows, stated, expected, etc.), counter for sets of things, counter for methods, ways, kinds, etc.
- 通り過ぎる 【とおりすぎる】 to go past, to pass, to pass by
- 通す 【とおす】 to stick through, to force through, to spread throughout, to thoroughly diffuse, to make a path between two points, to proceed in a logical manner, to let pass, to allow through, to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.), to show in, to go through (a middleman), to (look, listen) through (a window, wall, etc.), to pass (a law, applicant, etc.), to force to accept, to force agreement, to continue (in a state), to persist in, to do to the entirety of, to cover all of, to span the whole ..., to do from beginning to end without a break, to convey (one's ideas, etc.) to the other party, to do to the end, to carry through, to complete
- 通し 【とおし】 continuing from beginning to end, continuous run, consecutive run, appetizer, starter, hors d'oeuvre, performance of an entire play
- 通し切符 【とおしきっぷ】 through ticket (e.g. rail, air), ticket good for multiple performances (e.g. both matinee and evening shows), all-day ticket, season ticket
- 切通し 【きりどおし】 road (or railway) cut through hilly terrain, cutting
- 通う 【かよう】 to go to and from (a place), to go back and forth between, to run between (e.g. bus, train, etc.), to ply between, to go to (school, work, etc.), to attend, to commute, to frequent, to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity), to be communicated (e.g. thought), to resemble
Readings
- Japanese names:
- とん、 どうし、 どおり、 みち
- Korean:
- tong
Spanish
- atravesar
- traspasar
- hacer saber
- pasar
- ir y venir
Portuguese
- tráfego
- passar através de
- avenida
- comutar
- sufixo para contagem de letras
French
- circulation
- passer par
- avenue
- trajet (travail)
- compteur de lettres, notes, ...
| 281 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 193 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 176 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 71 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4703 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 201 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 261 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1239 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 150 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 150 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 204 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 695 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3855 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1982 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2678 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1420 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 38892P | Morohashi |
| 3109 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6063 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1408 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1511 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 97 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 198 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3553 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2q7.18 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-7 | SKIP code |
| 3-2-7 | SKIP code |
| 3730.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-36-44 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 901a | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N3
227 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 論 【ロン】 argument, discussion, dispute, controversy, discourse, debate, theory (e.g. of evolution), doctrine, essay, treatise, comment
- 論客 【ロンキャク】 controversialist, polemic, disputant
- 公論 【コウロン】 public opinion, unbiased criticism, unbiassed criticism
- 対論 【タイロン】 arguing face to face
Kun reading compounds
- 論う 【あげつらう】 to discuss, to find fault with, to criticize, to criticise
Readings
- Korean:
- ron, yun
Spanish
- teoría
- argumento
- discurso
Portuguese
- argumento
- discurso
French
- argumentation
- discours
| 881 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 1006 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 996 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 267 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4391 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 406 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 908 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2320 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 293 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 293 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 496 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1700 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1981 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1058 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1424 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1837 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 35658 | Morohashi |
| 1574 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5646 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1820 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1961 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 110 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 989 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3053 | 2001 Kanji |
| 7a8.13 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-7-8 | SKIP code |
| 0862.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-47-32 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 8ad6 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
86 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 理 【リ】 reason, principle, logic, general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon), the underlying principles of the cosmos (in neo-Confucianism)
- 理科 【リカ】 science (inc. mathematics, medicine, etc.), natural science, science department (university), science course, science (as a school subject)
- 合理 【ゴウリ】 rationality
- 経理 【ケイリ】 accounting, administration (of money)
Kun reading compounds
- 理 【ことわり】 reason, logic, sense, natural way of things
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あや、 おさむ、 さと、 さとる、 ただ、 ただし、 とおる、 に、 のり、 ひ、 まこと、 まさ、 まさし、 まろ、 みち、 よし
- Korean:
- ri
Spanish
- lógica
- razón
- preparar
Portuguese
- lógica
- arranjo
- razão
- justiça
- verdade
French
- logique
- principe
- raison
- justice
- vérité
| 333 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 239 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 220 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 95 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2942 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 104 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 217 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1361 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.17 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 143 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 143 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 241 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1321 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1220 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 659 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 881 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 271 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 21014 | Morohashi |
| 970 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3644 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 265 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 283 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 59 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 212 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3172 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4f7.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-7 | SKIP code |
| 1611.4 | Four corner code |
| 1-45-93 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7406 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
316 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 構成 【コウセイ】 composition, construction, formation, makeup, structure, organization, organisation
- 構図 【コウズ】 composition (of painting), structural outline, compositional arrangement
- 遺構 【イコウ】 (archaeological) remains, remnants (of ancient structures), ancient foundation
- 外構え 【ソトガマエ】 outward appearance (of a house), exterior, external structure (of a building; e.g. gate, fence, garage), exterior structure
Kun reading compounds
- 構える 【かまえる】 to set up (a house, store, etc.), to build, to establish, to run, to maintain, to have at the ready (e.g. a gun), to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera), to prepare in advance (e.g. a meal), to adopt a posture, to assume a stance, to stand ready, to be poised for, to put on an air, to assume an attitude, to stiffen, to tense up, to become formal, to fabricate in order to deceive, to make up, to feign, to plan, to scheme
- 構う 【かまう】 to mind, to care about, to be concerned about, to have a regard for, to be an issue, to matter, to create inconvenience, to keep company, to care for, to look after, to entertain, to pay attention to, to spend time with, to interfere with, to meddle in, to tease, to banish, to prohibit
- 構うものか 【かまうものか】 who cares?, I don't give a damn, what does it matter?
Readings
- Japanese names:
- とち
- Korean:
- gu
Spanish
- construir
- ensamblar
- preparación
- preocupación
- establecerse
- montar
- poner
- interesarse por
- preocuparse por
Portuguese
- postura
- construção
- fingir
French
- structure
- concerné
- préoccupé
- construire
- position
| 785 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 701 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 675 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 446 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2343 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 455 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 640 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1010 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1048 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 991 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1108 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1325 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 719 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 962 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1835 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 15317X | Morohashi |
| 1049 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2823 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1818 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1959 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 498 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 788 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1847 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4a10.10 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-10 | SKIP code |
| 4594.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-29 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 69cb | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
429 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 造語 【ゾウゴ】 coinage, invention of a new word, coined word
- 造形 【ゾウケイ】 molding, moulding, shaping, forming, modelling (i.e. plastic arts), modeling
- 変造 【ヘンゾウ】 alteration, defacement, debasement, falsification, forgery
- 捏造 【ネツゾウ】 fabrication, forgery, falsehood, hoax
Kun reading compounds
- 作る 【つくる】 to make, to produce, to manufacture, to build, to construct, to prepare (food), to brew (alcohol), to raise, to grow, to cultivate, to train, to till, to draw up (a document), to make out, to prepare, to write, to create (an artistic work, etc.), to compose, to coin (a phrase), to organize, to organise, to establish, to found, to have (a child), to make up (one's face, etc.), to fabricate (an excuse, etc.), to give a (false) appearance, to feign (a smile, etc.), to put on a show of emotion, to form (a line, etc.), to set (a record), to commit (a sin, etc.)
- 作り 【つくり】 making, producing, manufacturing, building, construction, make, structure, appearance (attire, make-up, etc.), build, physique, sashimi, forced (smile, etc.)
- 作り上げる 【つくりあげる】 to build up, to complete, to construct, to create, to put together, to make up, to fabricate, to invent, to cook up
- 塚造 【つかつくり】 megapode (any bird of family Megapodiidae, incl. brush turkeys and mallee fowl), mound builder
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ずくり、 づくり、 み
- Korean:
- jo
Spanish
- edificio
- crear
- construir
Portuguese
- criar
- fazer
- estrutura
- psique
French
- créer
- fabriquer
- structure
- physique
- maquillage
| 662 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 761 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 739 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 460 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4701 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 551 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 959 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1236 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 691 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 704 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 965 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 692 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3856 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1983 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2679 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 287 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 38898P | Morohashi |
| 3110 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6061 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 281 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 299 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 441 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 717 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2477 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2q7.11 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-7 | SKIP code |
| 3430.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-34-04 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9020 | Unicode hex code |