Jisho

×

職

18 strokes
Radical:
ear 耳
Parts:
戈 日 立 耳 音
Variants:
聀 軄
post, employment, work
On:
ショク、 ソク
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
305 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 職 【ショク】 job, work, employment, occupation, position, duties, trade, skill
  • 職員 【ショクイン】 staff member, employee, worker, personnel
  • 住職 【ジュウショク】 chief priest (of a Buddhist temple)
  • 休職 【キュウショク】 temporary retirement, leave of absence, suspension from office
  • 職 【ショク】 job, work, employment, occupation, position, duties, trade, skill
  • 有職 【ユウショク】 holding a job, being employed, gainful employment, being learned, being knowledgeable, having great artistic talent, being a skilled performer, being well-versed in usages or practices of the court or military households

Readings

Japanese names:
もと
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
zhi2
Korean:
jig

Spanish

  • puesto
  • empleo
  • ocupación

Portuguese

  • posto
  • emprego
  • trabalho

French

  • poste de travail
  • emploi
  • travail
819 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
743 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
721 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
335 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
3718 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
432 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
839 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
2734 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
385 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
386 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
513 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1586 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1803 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
960 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1297 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
832 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
29183 Morohashi
1425 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
4742 New Nelson (John Haig)
824 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
887 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
253 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
823 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3259 2001 Kanji
6e12.1 The Kanji Dictionary
1-6-12 SKIP code
1315.0 Four corner code
1-31-06 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
8077 Unicode hex code

業

13 strokes
Radical:
tree 木
Parts:
一 ｜ 并 木 王 羊 耒
business, vocation, arts, performance
Kun:
わざ
On:
ギョウ、 ゴウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
43 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 業 【ギョウ】 work, business, company, agency, study
  • 業界 【ギョウカイ】 business world, business circles, (the) industry
  • 鉱業 【コウギョウ】 mining industry
  • 興業 【コウギョウ】 promotion of industry, inauguration of a new industrial enterprise
  • 業 【ゴウ】 karma, result of one's karma, fate, destiny, uncontrollable temper
  • 業因 【ゴウイン】 karma
  • 罪業 【ザイゴウ】 sin, iniquity, crime
  • 正業 【ショウゴウ】 right action, correct meditative activity (in Jodo, saying the name of Amitabha)

Kun reading compounds

  • 業 【わざ】 deed, act, work, performance
  • 業師 【わざし】 tricky wrestler, shrewd fellow
  • 寝技 【ねわざ】 pinning technique (in wrestling or judo), underhanded dealings
  • 投げ技 【なげわざ】 throw or throwing technique (sumo, judo)

Readings

Japanese names:
なり、 のぶ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
ye4
Korean:
eob

Spanish

  • negocio
  • industria
  • trabajo

Portuguese

  • negócios
  • vocação
  • artes
  • performance

French

  • activité
  • vocation
  • arts
  • représentation
  • karma
380 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
278 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
260 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
54 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
143 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
292 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
199 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
2024 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.1 Japanese for Busy People
279 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
279 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
307 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1066 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3227 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1674 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2265 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1809 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
15170 Morohashi
2612 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2789 New Nelson (John Haig)
1792 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1931 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
74 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
419 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
1064 2001 Kanji
0a13.3 The Kanji Dictionary
2-5-8 SKIP code
3290.4 Four corner code
1-22-40 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
696d Unicode hex code

訓

10 strokes
Radical:
speech 言 (訁)
Parts:
川 言
instruction, Japanese character reading, explanation, read
Kun:
おし.える、 よ.む、 くん.ずる
On:
クン、 キン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N2
1134 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 訓 【クン】 native Japanese reading of a Chinese character, precept, lesson, one's teachings
  • 訓示 【クンジ】 instruction, direction, briefing
  • 特訓 【トックン】 special training, intensive training, crash course
  • 校訓 【コウクン】 school precepts
  • 庭訓 【テイキン】 home education
  • 家訓 【カクン】 family precepts, family motto, rule of the home

Kun reading compounds

  • 読む 【よむ】 to read, to recite (e.g. a sutra), to chant, to predict, to guess, to forecast, to read (someone's thoughts), to see (e.g. into someone's heart), to divine, to pronounce, to read (e.g. a kanji), to decipher, to read (a meter, graph, music, etc.), to tell (the time), to count, to estimate, to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
  • 訓む 【よむ】 to read (a kanji) with its native Japanese reading
  • 訓ずる 【くんずる】 to read kanji using its native Japanese pronunciation

Readings

Japanese names:
く、 くに、 くの、 さとし、 のり、 ふみ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
xun4
Korean:
hun

Spanish

  • lección
  • lectura japonesa de un carácter

Portuguese

  • instrução
  • leitura Japonesa de caracteres
  • explicação
  • ler

French

  • instructions
  • lecture japonaise
  • explication
  • lire
764 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
489 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
656 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
1059 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
4317 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
613 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
894 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
1148 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
771 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
785 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
951 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1661 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1844 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
975 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1322 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
347 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
35238 Morohashi
1454 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
5562 New Nelson (John Haig)
341 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
365 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
540 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3054 2001 Kanji
7a3.6 The Kanji Dictionary
1-7-3 SKIP code
0260.0 Four corner code
1-23-17 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
8a13 Unicode hex code

練

14 strokes
Radical:
silk 糸 (糹)
Parts:
｜ ハ 小 幺 日 木 田 糸
Variants:
練
practice, gloss, train, drill, polish, refine
Kun:
ね.る、 ね.り
On:
レン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N2
788 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 練習 【レンシュウ】 practice, training, drill, (an) exercise, workout
  • 練達 【レンタツ】 expert(ise), skill, dexterity
  • 修練 【シュウレン】 training, drill, practice, practising, discipline
  • 水練 【スイレン】 swimming practice

Kun reading compounds

  • 練る 【ねる】 to knead, to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame), to polish (a plan, etc.), to refine, to elaborate, to work out, to train, to drill, to exercise, to gloss (silk), to soften, to degum, to tan (leather), to temper (steel), to walk in procession, to parade, to march
  • 練り 【ねり】 kneading, gloss, tempering, paste (e.g. bean paste, mustard paste), parading of portable shrines and floats at festivals
  • 練り上げる 【ねりあげる】 to knead well, to polish, to refine

Readings

Japanese names:
ねり
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
lian4
Korean:
ryeon

Spanish

  • práctica
  • entrenamiento
  • ablandar
  • ejercitar

Portuguese

  • prática
  • brilho
  • treinar
  • exercitar
  • polir
  • refinar

French

  • pratiquer
  • lustrer
  • s'exercer
  • s'entraîner
  • perfectionner
  • peaufiner
539 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
438 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
608 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
704 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
3565 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
482 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
828 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
2527 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
743 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
756 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
296 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1547 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1738 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
931 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1256 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1355 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
27631P Morohashi
1375 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
4530 New Nelson (John Haig)
1343 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1443 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
431 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
2764 2001 Kanji
6a8.2 The Kanji Dictionary
1-6-8 SKIP code
2599.6 Four corner code
1-46-93 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
7df4 Unicode hex code

受

8 strokes
Radical:
right hand 又
Parts:
冖 又 爪
accept, undergo, answer (phone), take, get, catch, receive
Kun:
う.ける、 -う.け、 う.かる
On:
ジュ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
136 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 受 【ジュ】 vedana (sensation)
  • 受益 【ジュエキ】 benefitting by, benefiting by
  • 授受 【ジュジュ】 giving and receiving, transferring, transfer, changing hands
  • 収受 【シュウジュ】 reception, receiving

Kun reading compounds

  • 受ける 【うける】 to receive, to get, to catch (e.g. a ball), to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.), to sustain (damage), to incur (a loss), to suffer (an injury), to feel (influence), to undergo (e.g. surgery), to take (a test), to accept (a challenge), to be given (e.g. life, talent), to find funny, to find humorous, to be amused (by), to follow, to succeed, to be descended from, to face (south, etc.), to be modified by, to obtain (a pawned item, etc.) by paying a fee, to be well-received, to become popular, to go down well
  • 受かる 【うかる】 to pass (examination)

Readings

Japanese names:
じょ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
shou4
Korean:
su

Spanish

  • recipiente
  • acepción
  • aceptar
  • recibir
  • tomar
  • aprobar examen

Portuguese

  • aceitar
  • sofrer
  • atender (telefone)
  • tomar
  • obter
  • pegar
  • receber

French

  • subir
  • recevoir
  • accepter
  • répondre (téléphone)
  • prendre
  • obtenir
240 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
319 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
303 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
223 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2826 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
272 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
394 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
730 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
2.9 Japanese for Busy People
260 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
260 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
269 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
270 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3076 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1569 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2146 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
743 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
3159 Morohashi
2421 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
678 New Nelson (John Haig)
735 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
794 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
298 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
304 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
2067 2001 Kanji
2h6.2 The Kanji Dictionary
2-4-4 SKIP code
2-6-2 SKIP code
2-1-7 SKIP code
2040.7 Four corner code
1-28-85 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
53d7 Unicode hex code

刑

6 strokes
Radical:
knife, sword 刀 (刂)
Parts:
一 ノ 二 刈 廾
punish, penalty, sentence, punishment
On:
ケイ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
864 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 刑 【ケイ】 penalty, sentence, punishment
  • 刑事 【ケイジ】 (police) detective, criminal matter
  • 量刑 【リョウケイ】 judge's sentence, assessment of a case
  • 求刑 【キュウケイ】 recommended sentence, prosecution's demand for punishment

Readings

Japanese names:
おさか、 ぎょう
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
xing2
Korean:
hyeong

Spanish

  • pena
  • sentencia
  • castigo

Portuguese

  • Punir
  • penalidade
  • sentença
  • punição

French

  • peine
  • sanction
  • condamnation
  • punition
1193 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
848 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
670 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
1001 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
1091 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
258 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
887 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
908 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
1052 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
185 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1024 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
555 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
734 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
686 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
1886 Morohashi
830 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
461 New Nelson (John Haig)
679 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
734 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
1061 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3243 2001 Kanji
2f4.2 The Kanji Dictionary
1-4-2 SKIP code
1240.0 Four corner code
1-23-26 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
5211 Unicode hex code

者

8 strokes
Radical:
old 老 (耂)
Parts:
老 日
Variants:
者
someone, person
Kun:
もの
On:
シャ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
38 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 者 【シャ】 person, -er, expert, geisha, prostitute
  • 芸者 【ゲイシャ】 geisha, professional female entertainer, usu. at traditional banquets
  • 加害者 【カガイシャ】 perpetrator, wrong-doer, aggressor, assailant, offender

Kun reading compounds

  • 者 【もの】 person
  • 者ども 【ものども】 you, people
  • 弱き者 【よわきもの】 weak person, the weak
  • 若い者 【わかいもの】 young person, young people, youth, youngsters, young employee, young manservant, young follower

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
zhe3
Korean:
ja

Spanish

  • persona

Portuguese

  • alguém
  • pessoa

French

  • personne
  • quelqu'un
235 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
314 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
298 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
22 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
3685 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
56 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
240 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
769 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.6 Japanese for Busy People
164 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
164 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
148 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1578 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3980 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2047 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2765 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1264 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
28852 Morohashi
3211 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
4698 New Nelson (John Haig)
1256 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1345 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
19 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
302 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
1478 2001 Kanji
4c4.13 The Kanji Dictionary
3-4-4 SKIP code
4-8-2 SKIP code
2-4-4 SKIP code
4460.0 Four corner code
1-28-52 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
8005 Unicode hex code

等

12 strokes
Radical:
bamboo 竹 (⺮)
Parts:
土 寸 竹 乞
etc., and so forth, class (first), quality, equal, similar
Kun:
ひと.しい、 など、 -ら
On:
トウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
798 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 等 【トウ】 class, order, rank, et cetera, etc., and the like, equal, iso-
  • 等身 【トウシン】 body proportions
  • 中等 【チュウトウ】 second grade, medium quality, average, middle class, secondary grade
  • 等々 【トウトウ】 etc., et cetera, and so on

Kun reading compounds

  • 等しい 【ひとしい】 equal, identical, the same, no different (from), just like, equivalent
  • 等 【など】 et cetera, etc., and the like, and so forth, or something, the likes of, for example, for instance, for one

Readings

Japanese names:
と、 ひ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
deng3
Korean:
deung

Spanish

  • clase
  • calidad
  • igual que
  • igual
  • etcétera

Portuguese

  • etc.
  • e assim por diante
  • classe (1º
  • 2º )
  • qualidade
  • igual
  • semelhante

French

  • et ainsi de suite
  • etc...
  • semblable
  • classe (1ère)
  • qualité
  • égal
  • pluriel (peu respectueux)
484 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
383 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
361 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
601 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
3396 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
294 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
795 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
1770 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
569 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
578 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
353 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1479 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3321 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1723 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2339 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
954 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
25992 Morohashi
2682 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
4287 New Nelson (John Haig)
945 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1016 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
151 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
407 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
2348 2001 Kanji
6f6.9 The Kanji Dictionary
2-6-6 SKIP code
8834.1 Four corner code
1-37-89 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
7b49 Unicode hex code

作

7 strokes
Radical:
man, human 人 (亻)
Parts:
一 ｜ ノ 化 乞
make, production, prepare, build
Kun:
つく.る、 つく.り、 -づく.り
On:
サク、 サ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
103 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 作 【サク】 work (e.g. of art), production, harvest, cultivation, farming, crop, yield, technique
  • 作柄 【サクガラ】 crop conditions, quality (of art)
  • 大作 【タイサク】 large-scale work, voluminous work, monumental work, great work, masterpiece
  • 遺作 【イサク】 posthumous works
  • 作 【サク】 work (e.g. of art), production, harvest, cultivation, farming, crop, yield, technique
  • 作業 【サギョウ】 work, operation, task
  • 所作 【ショサ】 conduct, behaviour, movements, gesture, one's carriage, performance (on stage, etc.), dance, acting, dance (in kabuki), dance play
  • 安定操作 【アンテイソウサ】 stabilizing (stock) transaction

Kun reading compounds

  • 作る 【つくる】 to make, to produce, to manufacture, to build, to construct, to prepare (food), to brew (alcohol), to raise, to grow, to cultivate, to train, to till, to draw up (a document), to make out, to prepare, to write, to create (an artistic work, etc.), to compose, to coin (a phrase), to organize, to organise, to establish, to found, to have (a child), to make up (one's face, etc.), to fabricate (an excuse, etc.), to give a (false) appearance, to feign (a smile, etc.), to put on a show of emotion, to form (a line, etc.), to set (a record), to commit (a sin, etc.)
  • 作り 【つくり】 making, producing, manufacturing, building, construction, make, structure, appearance (attire, make-up, etc.), build, physique, sashimi, forced (smile, etc.)
  • 作り上げる 【つくりあげる】 to build up, to complete, to construct, to create, to put together, to make up, to fabricate, to invent, to cook up

Readings

Japanese names:
くり、 さか、 さっ、 づくり、 とも、 なお、 はぎ、 まさか
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
zuo1, zuo4, zuo2
Korean:
jag, ja, ju

Spanish

  • hacer
  • construir
  • fabricar
  • conducta
  • comportamiento
  • crear

Portuguese

  • fazer
  • produção
  • preparar
  • construção

French

  • fabriquer
  • produire
  • construire
  • préparer
82 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
141 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
127 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
99 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
407 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
147 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
116 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
362 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.4 Japanese for Busy People
360 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
361 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
137 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
75 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
77 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
49 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
52 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1151 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
518 Morohashi
68 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
167 New Nelson (John Haig)
1142 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1224 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
120 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
144 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
2154 2001 Kanji
2a5.10 The Kanji Dictionary
1-2-5 SKIP code
2821.1 Four corner code
1-26-78 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
4f5c Unicode hex code