| 461 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 356 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 336 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 55 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2067 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 370 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 476 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 405 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 365 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 366 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 363 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 502 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1025 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 556 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 735 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1742 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 7419 | Morohashi |
| 831 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1375 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1726 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1862 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 39 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 286 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
vis-a-vis, opposite, even, equal, versus, anti-, compare
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
34 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 対 【タイ】 versus, against, vs., v., to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180), toward ..., to ..., with ..., against ..., anti-, equal footing, equal terms, opposite
- 対案 【タイアン】 counter-proposal, counter-suggestion
- 国対 【コクタイ】 Committee of the National Diet
- 相対 【ソウタイ】 relativity, relative, facing (e.g. a problem), confronting
- 対 【ツイ】 pair, couple, set, antithesis, counter for items that come in pairs, counter for sets (of clothes, small furniture, utensils, etc.)
- 対句 【ツイク】 couplet, antithesis
- 一対 【イッツイ】 pair, couple
- 双対 【ソウツイ】 duality
Kun reading compounds
- 対手 【たいしゅ】 opponent (in combat)
- 向かう 【むかう】 to face, to go towards, to head towards
Readings
- Japanese names:
- つし
- Korean:
- dae
Spanish
- opuesto
- contrario
- por serie
Portuguese
- vis-um-vis
- contrário
- até mesmo
- igual
- versus
- anti-
- compara
French
- vis-à-vis
- en face
- régulier
- égal
- opposition
- anti-
- comparer
| 448 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2j5.5 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-3 | SKIP code |
| 0440.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-34-48 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5bfe | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N5
81 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 外 【ガイ】 outside ..., beyond ..., not included in ...
- 外圧 【ガイアツ】 external pressure, outside pressure, foreign pressure
- 渉外 【ショウガイ】 public relations, client liaison, client relations
- 在外 【ザイガイ】 overseas, abroad
- 外科 【ゲカ】 surgery (branch of medicine), department of surgery
- 外科医 【ゲカイ】 surgeon
Kun reading compounds
- 外 【そと】 outside, exterior, the open (air), other place, somewhere else, outside one's group (family, company, etc.)
- 外壁 【がいへき】 outer wall
- 大外 【おおそと】 far out wide, far outside
- 家の外 【いえのそと】 outside the house
- 他 【ほか】 another place, some other place, somewhere else, outside, another (person or thing), other, different, something else, someone else, the rest, et al., beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.), outside, except, but, other than, apart from, besides, in addition to, as well as, on top of
- 他に 【ほかに】 else, in addition, besides
- この外 【このほか】 besides, moreover, in addition
- 思いのほか 【おもいのほか】 unexpectedly, surprisingly
- 外す 【はずす】 to remove, to take off, to detach, to unfasten, to undo, to drop (e.g. from a team), to remove (from a position), to exclude, to expel, to leave (e.g. one's seat), to go away from, to step out, to slip away, to dodge (a question, blow, etc.), to evade, to sidestep, to avoid (e.g. peak season), to miss (a target, chance, punch, etc.)
- 外れる 【はずれる】 to be disconnected, to get out of place, to be off, to be out (e.g. of gear), to miss the mark, to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation), to draw a blank (e.g. lottery), to be removed, to be excluded, to be contrary to, to go against
Readings
- Japanese names:
- うい、 け、 ふか
- Korean:
- oe
Spanish
- fuera
- exterior
- otro
- desatar
- estar desatado
- estar desconectado
Portuguese
- Exterior
French
- extérieur
| 56 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 96 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 91 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 120 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1168 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 42 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 38 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 139 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 83 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 83 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 150 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 404 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 215 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 135 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 163 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 112 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 5750 | Morohashi |
| 186 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1125 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 111 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 116 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 69 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 105 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2554 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2m3.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-2 | SKIP code |
| 2320.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-19-16 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5916 | Unicode hex code |
bond, loan, debt
- On:
- サイ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
728 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 債 【サイ】 debt, loan
- 債権 【サイケン】 credit, claim
- 割引債 【ワリビキサイ】 discount bond
- 起債 【キサイ】 issuing of bonds
Readings
- Korean:
- chae
Spanish
- préstamo
- deuda
- aligación
Portuguese
- laço
- empréstimo
- dívida
French
- dette
- prêt
- titre
| 1292 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 785 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 531 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1515 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1066 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1118 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1170 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1249 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 129 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 177 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 116 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 135 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1558 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1022 | Morohashi |
| 156 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 296 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1544 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1664 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1608 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2161 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2a11.11 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-11 | SKIP code |
| 2528.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-26-36 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 50b5 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
111 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 務歯 【ムシ】 zipper teeth, zip teeth
- 務所 【ムショ】 prison, jail, slammer, pen
- 政務 【セイム】 government affairs
- 外務 【ガイム】 foreign affairs
Kun reading compounds
- 勤める 【つとめる】 to work (for), to be employed (at), to serve (in), to serve (as), to act (as), to fill (the position of), to play the role (of), to conduct a religious service
Readings
- Japanese names:
- つかさ、 み
- Korean:
- mu
Spanish
- tarea
- obligaciones
- deber
- cargo
- servir
- desempeñar un cargo
Portuguese
- tarefa
- deveres
French
- tâche
- devoir
- travail
| 722 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 815 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 795 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 140 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3167 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 491 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 372 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1377 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.5 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 235 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 235 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 388 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 222 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1505 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 797 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1085 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1235 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 2394 | Morohashi |
| 1173 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 546 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1227 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1313 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 244 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 747 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3545 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4i7.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-6 | SKIP code |
| 1822.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-44-19 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 52d9 | Unicode hex code |