| 1030 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1362 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3585 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1244 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1641 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2660 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1131 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1183 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 732 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1548 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1754 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 940 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1269 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1384 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 27656P | Morohashi |
| 1386 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4553 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1372 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1472 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1790 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
affinity, relation, connection, edge, border, verge, brink
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1291 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 縁 【エン】 fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together), relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection, family ties, affinity, opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship), pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes), narrow open-air veranda
- 縁起 【エンギ】 omen, sign of luck, origin, history, causation, dependent arising, doctrine that everything has a cause and there is nothing that arises out of nothing
- 遠縁 【トオエン】 distant relative
- 内縁 【ナイエン】 de facto marriage, common-law marriage
Kun reading compounds
- 縁 【ふち】 rim, brim, edge, brink
- 縁石 【えんせき】 curb (stone), kerb
- 盆の縁 【ぼんのふち】 edge of a tray
- 縁取る 【ふちどる】 to border, to fringe, to hem, to edge
- 縁 【ゆかり】 connection (to a person, place, etc.), relation, affinity
- 縁の色 【ゆかりのいろ】 violet
- 縁 【よすが】 something to rely on, aid, clue, way, means, someone to rely on, relative, reminder, memento
- 縁 【へり】 edge (of a river, woods, etc.), shoulder (of a road), rim, brim, hem, margin, fringe, selvage, fabric border (of a tatami mat, etc.), edging
- 縁石 【えんせき】 curb (stone), kerb
- 縁 【えん】 fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together), relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection, family ties, affinity, opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship), pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes), narrow open-air veranda
Readings
- Korean:
- yeon, dan
Spanish
- afinidad
- relación
- conexión
- borde
- frontera
- margen
Portuguese
- afinidade
- relação
- conexão
- margem
- borda
- limite
- extremidade
French
- affinité
- relation
- karma
- rapport
- bord
- bordure
| 2751 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6a9.10 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-9 | SKIP code |
| 2793.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-17-79 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7e01 | Unicode hex code |
happenstance, especially, intentionally, reason, cause, circumstances, the late, therefore, consequently
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N1
612 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 故 【コ】 the late, the deceased
- 殊更 【コトサラ】 intentionally, deliberately, designedly, on purpose, especially, particularly
- 物故 【ブッコ】 death (of a person)
- 人身事故 【ジンシンジコ】 accident resulting in personal injury or death (esp. traffic, rail, etc.)
Kun reading compounds
- 故 【ゆえ】 reason, cause, circumstances
- 故に 【ゆえに】 therefore, consequently
- 何故 【なにゆえ】 why
- 古い 【ふるい】 old, aged, ancient, antiquated, antique, timeworn, long, since long ago, time-honored, of the distant past, long-ago, stale, threadbare, hackneyed, corny, old-fashioned, outmoded, out-of-date
- 元 【もと】 former, ex-, past, one-time, earlier times, the past, previous state, formerly, previously, originally, before
Readings
- Korean:
- go
Spanish
- antiguo
- intencionadamente
- excepcional
- razón
- difunto
- causa
- circunstancias
Portuguese
- casualidade
- especialmente
- intencionalmente
- razão
- causa
- circunstâncias
- portanto
- consequentemente
French
- coïncidence
- spécialement
- intentionnellement
- raison
- cause
- circonstances
- destin
- feu ... (défunt)
- c'est pour ça que...
| 778 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 694 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 668 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 455 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2044 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 707 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 587 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 880 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 173 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 173 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 722 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 936 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1466 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 778 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1056 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 339 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13161 | Morohashi |
| 1141 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2334 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 333 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 355 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 697 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1566 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4i5.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-4 | SKIP code |
| 4864.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-24-46 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6545 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1572 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 疎 【ソ】 sparse, distant (of a relationship), estranged, alienated
- 疎開 【ソカイ】 evacuation (to the country), spreading out (troops), deployment, dispersal
- 過疎 【カソ】 underpopulation, low population density, depopulation
- 空疎 【クウソ】 empty (e.g. argument), insubstantial, hollow, fruitless
Kun reading compounds
- 疎い 【うとい】 distant (from someone), aloof, estranged, knowing little (of), ill-informed (about), ignorant (of), unfamiliar (with), unacquainted (with)
- 疎む 【うとむ】 to shun, to avoid, to ostracize, to neglect, to distance oneself from, to give the hard shoulder
- 疎ら 【まばら】 sparse, thin, scattered, straggling, sporadic
Readings
- Korean:
- so
Spanish
- descuidar
- desatender
- rehuir
- desinteresado
- descuidado
Portuguese
- desviar
- rude
- negligenciar
- evitar
- esparso
French
- négligence
- ignorer
- aliéner
- éviter
- grossier
- clairsemé
- épars
| 1509 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1786 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3021 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1601 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1542 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1514 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1615 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1826 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1346 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1512 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 799 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1091 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1684 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 22002 | Morohashi |
| 1178 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3776 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1668 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1797 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1568 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3564 | 2001 Kanji |
| 0a11.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-7 | SKIP code |
| 1-4-7 | SKIP code |
| 1519.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-34 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 758e | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
59 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 開花 【カイカ】 flowering, blooming, blossoming, coming into bloom, flowering (of a civilization, talent, etc.), blossoming, blooming, bearing fruit (of efforts)
- 開演 【カイエン】 curtain raising, starting (e.g. play, concert)
- 疎開 【ソカイ】 evacuation (to the country), spreading out (troops), deployment, dispersal
- 非公開 【ヒコウカイ】 private, non-public, secret, closed-door, closed
Kun reading compounds
- 開く 【ひらく】 to open, to undo, to unseal, to unpack, to bloom, to unfold, to spread out, to open (for business, e.g. in the morning), to be wide (gap, etc.), to widen, to hold (meeting, party, etc.), to give, to open, to found (nation, dynasty, sect, etc.), to open (a new business), to set up, to establish, to start, to open (ports, borders, etc.), to open (an account), to open up (new land, path, etc.), to clear, to develop, to open (a file, etc.), to extract (root), to reduce (equation), to cut open (fish), to change (kanji into hiragana), to flare (e.g. skirt), to slacken (into a poor posture)
- 開き 【ひらき】 opening, gap, dried and opened fish
- 開き直る 【ひらきなおる】 to become defiant, to fight back, to turn upon, to take the offensive
- 開ける 【ひらける】 to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.), to spread out, to become clear (of a road, visibility, etc.), to open up, to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.), to get better, to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.), to become civilized, to modernize, to grow, to advance (of knowledge, ideas, etc.), to be sensible, to be understanding, to be enlightened, to open (of a new road, railway, etc.), to be opened to traffic, to become populous, to become densely built, to become bustling
- 開く 【あく】 to open (e.g. doors), to open (e.g. business, etc.), to be empty, to be vacant, to be available, to be free, to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.), to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to come to an end, to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to have a hole, to form a gap, to have an interval (between events)
- 開ける 【あける】 to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package), to unlock, to open (for business, etc.), to empty, to remove, to make space, to make room, to move out, to clear out, to be away from (e.g. one's house), to leave (temporarily), to dawn, to grow light, to end (of a period, season), to begin (of the New Year), to leave (one's schedule) open, to make time (for), to make (a hole), to open up (a hole)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- はる、 か、 ひらき
- Korean:
- gae
Spanish
- abrir
- desdoblar
- dar comienzo
- abrirse
- estar abierto
Portuguese
- abrir
- desdobrar
- deslacrar
French
- ouvrir
- s'ouvrir
- briser le sceau
| 171 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 261 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 241 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 80 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4950 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 550 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 270 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1821 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.13 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 396 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 400 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 215 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1840 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4121 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2092 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2835 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1636 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 41233 | Morohashi |
| 3321 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6393 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1622 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1750 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 290 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 391 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3855 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8e4.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-8-4 | SKIP code |
| 7744.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-19-11 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 958b | Unicode hex code |