| 405 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 514 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 487 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1261 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 210 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 802 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 358 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 655 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1044 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1087 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1137 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 191 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1623 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 853 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1169 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1078 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1964 | Morohashi |
| 1273 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 479 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1069 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1150 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 504 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N2
1352 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 刷 【サツ】 printing, impression, issue
- 刷数 【サツスウ】 number (of books) printed
- 凸版印刷 【トッパンインサツ】 letterpress, relief printing
- 増刷 【ゾウサツ】 additional printing (esp. of books, etc.), additional run
Kun reading compounds
- 刷る 【する】 to print, to color or pattern fabric using a wooden mold
- 刷く 【はく】 to daub, to brush, to touch up
Readings
- Korean:
- swae
Spanish
- impreso
- estampado
- imprimir
Portuguese
- impressão
- imprimir
French
- imprimer
- impression
| 3743 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2f6.9 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-2 | SKIP code |
| 7220.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-26-94 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5237 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
1484 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 粉末 【フンマツ】 fine powder
- 粉飾 【フンショク】 embellishment (e.g. of a story), ornamentation, decoration, putting on makeup
- 米粉 【コメコ】 rice flour
- 製粉 【セイフン】 milling, grinding into flour
Kun reading compounds
- 粉 【デシメートル】 decimetre, decimeter
- 粉 【こな】 flour, meal, powder, dust
- 粉ミルク 【こなミルク】 milk powder, baby formula, infant formula, formula, baby milk
- 火の粉 【ひのこ】 sparks
- 薄力粉 【はくりきこ】 cake flour, pastry flour
- 粉 【こな】 flour, meal, powder, dust
- 粉ミルク 【こなミルク】 milk powder, baby formula, infant formula, formula, baby milk
Readings
- Korean:
- bun
Spanish
- harina
- polvo
Portuguese
- farinha
- pó
- poeira
French
- farine
- poudre
- poussière
| 507 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 605 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 577 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1152 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3469 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 793 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 804 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1133 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1701 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1817 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1557 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1495 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1643 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 869 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1186 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 929 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 26872 | Morohashi |
| 1291 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4390 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 920 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 988 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 556 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1045 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6b4.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-4 | SKIP code |
| 9892.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-42-20 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7c89 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
212 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 件 【ケン】 matter, affair, case, item, subject, counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc., counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
- 件数 【ケンスウ】 number of cases, incidents, items, messages, accounts, etc.
- 刑事事件 【ケイジジケン】 criminal case
- 要件 【ヨウケン】 important matter, requirement, requisite, necessary condition, sine qua non
Kun reading compounds
- 件 【くだん】 the aforementioned, the said, (man, incident, etc.) in question, the above-mentioned, the aforesaid, the usual
Readings
- Korean:
- geon
Spanish
- asunto
- caso
Portuguese
- romance
- caso
- matéria
- item
French
- affaire
- cas
- matière
- article
| 598 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 687 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 660 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 290 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 368 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 485 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 306 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 3.9 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 732 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 745 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 482 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 66 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 54 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 35 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 35 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 968 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 410 | Morohashi |
| 51 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 130 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 959 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1032 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 171 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 657 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2155 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2a4.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-4 | SKIP code |
| 2520.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-23-79 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 4ef6 | Unicode hex code |
below, down, descend, give, low, inferior
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N5
97 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 下 【カ】 under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of), during (war, occupation, etc.)
- 下位 【カイ】 low rank, lower position, subordinate position, lower order (e.g. byte)
- 陛下 【ヘイカ】 Your Majesty, His Majesty, Her Majesty
- 最下 【サイカ】 the lowest, the worst
- 下 【ゲ】 lowness (of degree, value, etc.), inferiority, second volume (of two), third volume (of three)
- 下山 【ゲザン】 descending a mountain, descent
- 高下 【コウゲ】 rise and fall (e.g. prices), fluctuation, difference (rank, grade, quality, etc.), variation
- 帯下 【タイゲ】 leukorrhoea, leucorrhoea, leukorrhea, leucorrhea, mucous discharge from female genitals
Kun reading compounds
- 下 【した】 below, down, under, younger (e.g. daughter), bottom, beneath, underneath, just after, right after, inferiority, one's inferior (i.e. one's junior), trade-in, preliminary, preparatory
- 下請け 【したうけ】 subcontract, subcontractor (person or company)
- 幕下 【まくした】 third highest division, wrestlers of the third highest division
- 上下 【うえした】 top and bottom, up and down, high and low, above and below, upper and lower ends, upside-down
- 下 【しも】 lower reaches (of a river), bottom, lower part, lower half (of the body, esp. the privates), feces (faeces), urine, menses, end, far from the imperial palace (i.e. far from Kyoto, esp. of western Japan), dirty (e.g. dirty jokes, etc.)
- 下期 【しもき】 second half of the (fiscal) year
- 風下 【かざしも】 leeward, lee, downwind
- 裃 【かみしも】 samurai costume, old ceremonial costume, top and bottom, up and down, high and low, above and below, upper and lower ends
- 下 【もと】 under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.), under (a flag, the sun, etc.), beneath, with (e.g. one blow), on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...), in (e.g. the name of ...), (someone's) side, (someone's) location
- 山元 【やまもと】 foot of a mountain, base of a mountain, mine, colliery, owner of a mountain, operator of a mine
- お膝元 【おひざもと】 beside a nobleman, close aid (of a nobleman, etc.), place where a high ranking person resides, one's own city (of a shogun, lord, etc.), Imperial capital, Imperial court, (shogun's) headquarters, place under one's direct control, one's own turf, one's own backyard
- 下げる 【さげる】 to hang, to suspend, to wear (e.g. decoration), to lower, to reduce, to bring down, to demote, to move back, to pull back, to clear (plates), to remove (food, etc. from table or altar), to keep on playing after one has formed a scoring combination with captured cards
- 下がる 【さがる】 to come down, to go down, to fall, to drop, to sink, to get lower, to hang, to dangle, to move back, to step back, to withdraw, to retire, to deteriorate, to fall off, to be downgraded, to get closer to the present day, below, south of
- 下る 【くだる】 to descend, to go down, to come down, to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.), to pass (of time), to surrender, to capitulate, to be less than, to be inferior to, to have the runs, to have diarrhea, to pass (in stool), to be discharged from the body, to depreciate oneself, to be humble
- 下り 【くだり】 down-train, train heading toward the ending point of its route, down-slope, downward going, downbound (esp. away from Tokyo), downstream, downhill
- 下り坂 【くだりざか】 downhill, downward slope, descent, decline, waning, ebb, (going) downhill
- 下す 【くだす】 to make a decision, to draw a conclusion, to give a judgement, to hand down a verdict, to pass a sentence, to give an order, to let go down, to lower, to do oneself, to do by oneself, to beat, to defeat, to have loose bowels, to have diarrhea, to pass (in stool), to discharge from the body, to do in one go, to do to the end without stopping
- 下さる 【くださる】 to give, to confer, to bestow, to kindly do for one, to oblige, to favour, to favor
- 下ろす 【おろす】 to take down, to bring down, to lower (a hand, flag, shutter, etc.), to drop (an anchor, curtain, etc.), to let down (hair), to launch (a boat), to drop off (a passenger), to let off, to unload (goods, a truck, etc.), to offload, to discharge, to withdraw (money), to use for the first time, to wear for the first time, to cut off, to fillet (fish), to grate (e.g. radish), to prune (branches), to remove (someone from a position), to oust, to drop, to clear (the table), to remove (offerings from an altar), to pass down (e.g. old clothes), to hand down, to expel from the body (e.g. worms), to abort (a fetus), to invoke (a spirit), to call down
- 降りる 【おりる】 to descend (e.g. a mountain), to go down, to come down, to alight (e.g. from bus), to get off, to disembark, to dismount, to step down, to retire, to give up, to quit, to fold, to be granted, to be issued, to be given, to form (of frost, dew, mist, etc.), to be passed (from the body; e.g. of a roundworm)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- さか、 しと
- Korean:
- ha
Spanish
- debajo
- inferior
- debajo de
- parte inferior
Portuguese
- baixo
- abaixo
- descende
- inferior
- sub
- sob
French
- au-dessous
- descendre
- bas
- donner (vous me donnez)
- inférieur
| 21 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 24 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 7 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 72 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 9 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 30 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 6 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 46 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.1 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 31 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 31 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 32 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 4 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4186 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2115 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2862 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 50 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 14 | Morohashi |
| 3378 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 9 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 50 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 51 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 75 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 13 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3154 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2m1.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-3-1 | SKIP code |
| 1023.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-18-28 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 4e0b | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N2
1012 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 群 【グン】 group, bunch, crowd, throng, swarm, band, group
- 群衆 【グンシュウ】 group (of people), crowd, horde, throng, mob, multitude
- 症候群 【ショウコウグン】 syndrome
- 層群 【ソウグン】 (geol) group
Kun reading compounds
- 群れる 【むれる】 to crowd, to flock, to swarm
- 群れ 【むれ】 group, crowd, flock, herd, bevy, school, swarm, cluster (e.g. of stars), clump, pack (e.g. of dogs)
- 群れる 【むれる】 to crowd, to flock, to swarm
- 群 【むら】 gathering
- 群がる 【むらがる】 to swarm, to gather
- 魚群 【ぎょぐん】 school of fish, shoal of fish
- 葉群 【はむら】 leaves, foliage
- 群がる 【むらがる】 to swarm, to gather
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ぐり、 ぐ、 こお、 こおり、 ごうり
- Korean:
- gun
Spanish
- manada
- rebaño
- grupo
- gentío
- multitud
- tropel
- hacinarse
- amontonarse
- aglomerarse
Portuguese
- bando
- grupo
- multidão
- manada
- enxame
- cacho
French
- troupeau
- groupe
- foule
- essaim
| 594 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 684 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 657 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 826 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3667 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 769 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 834 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1924 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 794 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 808 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 489 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1569 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1942 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1037 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1400 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1171 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 28498 | Morohashi |
| 1540 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4666 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1163 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1247 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 773 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3555 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3d10.14 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-7-6 | SKIP code |
| 1865.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-23-18 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7fa4 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
116 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 成果 【セイカ】 (good) result, outcome, fruits (of one's labors), product, accomplishment
- 成案 【セイアン】 definite plan
- 合成 【ゴウセイ】 composition, synthesis, compounding, combining, composite photo, (function) composition
- 集大成 【シュウタイセイ】 (large) compilation, culmination (of hard work)
- 成仏 【ジョウブツ】 attaining Buddhahood, becoming a Buddha, entering Nirvana, going to heaven, resting in peace, dying (peacefully)
- 成就 【ジョウジュ】 fulfillment, fulfilment, realization, realisation, completion
Kun reading compounds
- 成る 【なる】 to become, to get, to grow, to turn, to reach, to attain, to result in, to turn out, to end up, to prove (to be), to consist of, to be composed of, to be made up of, to be completed, to be realized, to succeed, to be attained, to be accomplished, to change (into), to turn (into), to transform, to come (to do), to begin (to do), to grow (to do), to come to, to amount to, to add up to, to make, to play (the part of), to act as, to be used for, to be useful for, to serve as, to be promoted, to do ...
- 成るべく 【なるべく】 as (much) as possible, as (much) as one can, wherever practicable, if possible
- 成す 【なす】 to form, to make, to constitute, to build up (e.g. a fortune), to create, to establish, to accomplish, to achieve, to win (fame), to gain, to change (into), to convert, to do, to commit, to carry out, to bring about, to do intentionally
- なす角 【なすかく】 formed angle, angle made
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あき、 あきら、 しげ、 そん、 たえ、 なお、 なり、 なる、 のり、 ひら、 まさ、 よし、 り
- Korean:
- seong
Spanish
- convertirse en
- resultar
- consistir en
- hacerse
- llegar a ser
- llevar a cabo
- lograr
Portuguese
- tornar-se
- obter
- crescer
- passar
- alcançar
French
- se changer en
- devenir
- obtenir
- croissance
- s'écouler
- accomplir
| 439 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 545 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 515 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 115 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1799 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 224 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 549 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 322 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 261 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 261 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 377 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 836 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4352 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2202 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2964 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 367 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 11542P | Morohashi |
| 3537 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2025 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 361 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 386 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 160 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 466 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1459 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4n2.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-6-4 | SKIP code |
| 3-5-1 | SKIP code |
| 5320.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-32-14 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6210 | Unicode hex code |