Jisho

×

化

4 strokes
Radical:
spoon 匕
Parts:
化 匕
change, take the form of, influence, enchant, delude, -ization
Kun:
ば.ける、 ば.かす、 ふ.ける、 け.する
On:
カ、 ケ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
89 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 化 【カ】 change to ..., becoming ..., making into ..., -ization, -ification
  • 化学 【カガク】 chemistry
  • 機械化 【キカイカ】 mechanization, mechanisation
  • 民営化 【ミンエイカ】 privatization, privatisation
  • 化粧 【ケショウ】 make-up, makeup, cosmetics, decoration, dressing, veneer
  • 化粧水 【ケショウスイ】 skin lotion, face lotion
  • 応化 【オウゲ】 assumption of a suitable form (by a buddha or bodhisattva)
  • 教化 【キョウケ】 guidance, teaching people and leading them to Buddhism

Kun reading compounds

  • 化ける 【ばける】 to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.), to assume the shape of, to turn oneself into, to transform oneself into, to disguise oneself as, to change radically, to metamorphose, to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)
  • 化かす 【ばかす】 to bewitch, to confuse, to enchant, to delude
  • 老ける 【ふける】 to age, to grow old (esp. in appearance), to show marks of age

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
hua4
Korean:
hwa

Spanish

  • cambiar
  • transformarse
  • modificarse
  • disfrazarse

Portuguese

  • mudança
  • tomar a forma de
  • influência
  • encantar
  • iludir
  • seduzir
  • -isação

French

  • transformation
  • prendre la forme de
  • maquillage
  • influence
  • fantôme
  • enchanter
  • tromper
  • chimie
  • -isation
163 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
258 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
238 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
100 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
350 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
76 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
378 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
56 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.19 Japanese for Busy People
254 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
254 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
414 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
55 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
22 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
12 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
12 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1017 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
2572X Morohashi
21 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
580 New Nelson (John Haig)
1008 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1083 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
104 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
242 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
2156 2001 Kanji
2a2.6 The Kanji Dictionary
1-2-2 SKIP code
2121.0 Four corner code
2421.0 Four corner code
1-18-29 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
5316 Unicode hex code

学

8 strokes
Radical:
child, seed 子
Parts:
冖 子 尚
Variants:
學 斈 斅
study, learning, science
Kun:
まな.ぶ
On:
ガク
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N5
63 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 学 【ガク】 learning, scholarship, study, erudition, knowledge, education, study of ..., -ology, -ics
  • 学位 【ガクイ】 (academic) degree
  • 短期大学 【タンキダイガク】 junior college, vocationally oriented two or three year post-secondary education institution
  • 法医学 【ホウイガク】 forensic medicine, forensic pathology, medical jurisprudence, legal medicine

Kun reading compounds

  • 学ぶ 【まなぶ】 to learn, to study, to take lessons in

Readings

Japanese names:
たか、 のり
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
xue2
Korean:
hag

Spanish

  • estudio
  • aprendizaje
  • ciencia
  • estudiar

Portuguese

  • estudo
  • aprendizagem
  • ciência

French

  • étudier
  • apprendre
  • science
57 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
45 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
10 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
33 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
1271 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
66 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
44 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
719 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
2.9 Japanese for Busy People
109 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
109 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
50 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
460 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3162 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1625 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2211 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
330 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
6974 Morohashi
2555 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1294 New Nelson (John Haig)
324 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
346 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
15 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
71 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
947 2001 Kanji
3n4.2 The Kanji Dictionary
2-5-3 SKIP code
2-3-4 SKIP code
2-5-2 SKIP code
2-3-5 SKIP code
3240.7 Four corner code
9040.7 Four corner code
1-19-56 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
5b66 Unicode hex code

汚

6 strokes
Radical:
water 水 (氵, 氺)
Parts:
一 二 勹 汁
Variants:
汙
dirty, pollute, disgrace, rape, defile
Kun:
けが.す、 けが.れる、 けが.らわしい、 よご.す、 よご.れる、 きたな.い
On:
オ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N2
908 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 汚水 【オスイ】 filthy water, sewage
  • 汚職 【オショク】 corruption
  • 防汚 【ボウオ】 antifouling, stain resistance, stain-proofing, anti-soiling
  • 貪汚 【タンオ】 greed, corruption

Kun reading compounds

  • 汚す 【よごす】 to pollute, to contaminate, to soil, to make dirty, to stain, to disgrace, to dishonour, to dishonor, to defile
  • 汚れる 【けがれる】 to be violated, to be corrupted, to be polluted, to be stained
  • 汚らわしい 【けがらわしい】 filthy, unfair, dirty, untouchable, disgusting, nasty, foul, odious, repulsive
  • 汚す 【よごす】 to pollute, to contaminate, to soil, to make dirty, to stain, to disgrace, to dishonour, to dishonor, to defile
  • 汚れる 【よごれる】 to get dirty, to become dirty, to become sullied, to become corrupted, to lose one's chastity
  • 汚い 【きたない】 dirty, filthy, foul, unclean, disordered, messy, untidy, poor (e.g. handwriting), indecent (language, etc.), dirty, vulgar, coarse, dastardly, mean, base, underhanded, stingy, greedy
  • 汚い戦争 【きたないせんそう】 Dirty War (period of state terrorism in Argentina; 1976-1983)

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
wu1
Korean:
o

Spanish

  • sucio
  • manchado
  • manchar
  • deshonrar
  • ensuciar
  • difamar
  • obsceno
  • ensuciarse

Portuguese

  • sujo
  • poluir
  • desgraça
  • estupro
  • sujar

French

  • sale
  • polluer
  • disgrâce
  • profaner
  • souiller
1031 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
1246 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2494 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
1531 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
666 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
693 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
706 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
907 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1158 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
258 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
163 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
196 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1253 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
17133 Morohashi
222 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
3047 New Nelson (John Haig)
1245 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1334 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
1083 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
352 2001 Kanji
3a3.5 The Kanji Dictionary
1-3-3 SKIP code
1-3-4 SKIP code
3112.7 Four corner code
1-17-88 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
6c5a Unicode hex code

染

9 strokes
Radical:
tree 木
Parts:
九 汁 木
dye, color, paint, stain, print
Kun:
そ.める、 そ.まる、 し.みる、 し.み
On:
セン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N1
837 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 染色体 【センショクタイ】 chromosome
  • 染色 【センショク】 dyeing, staining (a sample), dyed colour (color)
  • 媒染 【バイセン】 color fixing, colour fixing, mordantizing
  • 防染 【ボウセン】 resist dyeing

Kun reading compounds

  • 染める 【そめる】 to dye, to colour, to color
  • 染まる 【そまる】 to be dyed, to be tainted, to be infected, to be stained, to be steeped
  • 染みる 【しみる】 to pierce, to penetrate, to soak in, to permeate, to sting (wound or sensitive area, etc.), to smart, to twinge, to be infected (with vice), to be steeped (with prejudice), to be influenced, to feel keenly, to make a deep impression
  • 染み 【しみ】 stain, spot, smudge, blot, smear, blotch, spot (on one's skin, e.g. chloasma, liver spot), blemish, discoloration, freckle
  • 染みる 【しみる】 to pierce, to penetrate, to soak in, to permeate, to sting (wound or sensitive area, etc.), to smart, to twinge, to be infected (with vice), to be steeped (with prejudice), to be influenced, to feel keenly, to make a deep impression

Readings

Japanese names:
そめ
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
ran3
Korean:
yeom

Spanish

  • tinte
  • teñir
  • contagiar
  • colorear
  • manchar
  • mancha

Portuguese

  • tinta
  • cor
  • pintura
  • tingir
  • impressão

French

  • teindre
  • tache
  • pollution
  • colorer
  • peindre
  • imprimer
928 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
917 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
1161 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2240 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
974 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
1426 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
968 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
779 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
793 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
908 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1058 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3181 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1640 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2229 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
220 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
14621 Morohashi
2572 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2636 New Nelson (John Haig)
509 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
548 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
889 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
364 2001 Kanji
4a5.35 The Kanji Dictionary
2-5-4 SKIP code
3490.4 Four corner code
1-32-87 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
67d3 Unicode hex code