| 729 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 623 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 593 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 117 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4274 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 262 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 887 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1218 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.16 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 419 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 425 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 424 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1639 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3263 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1683 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2290 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1618 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 34768P | Morohashi |
| 2635 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5515 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1604 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1730 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 78 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 536 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
106 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 要 【ヨウ】 main point, essential point, important thing, necessity, need, requirement
- 要因 【ヨウイン】 main cause, primary factor
- 所要 【ショヨウ】 required, needed, necessary
- 法要 【ホウヨウ】 Buddhist memorial service
Kun reading compounds
- 要る 【いる】 to be needed, to be necessary, to be required, to be wanted, to need, to want
- 要 【かなめ】 pivot, vital point, cornerstone, keystone, Japanese photinia
- 要石 【かなめいし】 keystone
Readings
- Japanese names:
- とし
- Korean:
- yo
Spanish
- necesidad
- punto central
- esencia
- necesitar
Portuguese
- necessidade
- ponto principal
- essência
- pivô
- chave para
French
- besoin
- point principal
- pivot
- essentiel
- point clef
| 3269 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3e6.11 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-6-3 | SKIP code |
| 1040.4 | Four corner code |
| 1-45-55 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 8981 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
667 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 冷 【レイ】 refrigerator, cold, cool, cold sake
- 冷夏 【レイカ】 cool summer, cold summer, cooler-than-normal summer
- 寒冷 【カンレイ】 cold, coldness, chilliness
- 空冷 【クウレイ】 air cooling
Kun reading compounds
- 冷たい 【つめたい】 cold (to the touch), chilly, icy, freezing, (emotionally) cold, coldhearted, unfeeling, indifferent, unfriendly, distant
- 冷たい暗黒物質 【つめたいあんこくぶっしつ】 cold dark matter
- 冷える 【ひえる】 to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator), to get chilly, to cool down
- 冷や 【ひや】 cold water, cold sake, cold, cool, chilled, unheated
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- お冷 【おひや】 cold (drinking) water, (glass of) cold water, cold boiled rice
- 冷ややか 【ひややか】 cold, chilly, cool, cold (attitude, stare, etc.), frigid, indifferent, distant, surly, curt, composed, cool, calm
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- 冷やかす 【ひやかす】 to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate, to window-shop, to look at without buying
- 冷める 【さめる】 to cool down, to get cold, to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.), to subside, to dampen, to fade, to wane, to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.), to be composed
- 冷ます 【さます】 to cool (e.g. from a high temperature to room temperature), to let cool, to dampen, to throw a damper on, to spoil
Readings
- Korean:
- raeng
Spanish
- frío
- enfriar
- enfriarse
- helarse
- helar
Portuguese
- fresco
- frio (cerveja
- pessoa)
- calafrio
French
- froid
- fraîche (bière)
- froide (personne)
- refroidir
| 535 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 634 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 604 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 607 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 642 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 792 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 348 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 349 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 832 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 851 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 662 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 166 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 88 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 57 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 61 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1416 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1622 | Morohashi |
| 80 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 419 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1404 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1506 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 493 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 344 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2b5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-5 | SKIP code |
| 3812.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-68 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 51b7 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N2
468 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 蔵 【ゾウ】 possession, ownership, Tibet, Tibetan people
- 蔵書 【ゾウショ】 collection of books, (personal) library
- 地蔵 【ジゾウ】 Kshitigarbha (bodhisattva who looks over children, travellers and the underworld), Ksitigarbha, Jizō
- 内蔵 【ナイゾウ】 internal (e.g. disk), built-in, equipped (with)
- 秘蔵 【ヒゾウ】 treasuring, cherishing, prizing, holding dear
Kun reading compounds
- 蔵 【くら】 warehouse, storehouse, cellar, magazine, granary, godown, depository, treasury, elevator
- 蔵元 【くらもと】 brewery (sake, soy), brewer, warehouse overseer
- 大蔵 【おおくら】 Ministry of Finance
- お蔵 【おくら】 shelving (a play, movie, etc.), closing down, cancelling, canceling, rice storehouse (of the Edo shogunate)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- くらし、 くらん、 くろう、 さし、 ざ、 ろう
- Korean:
- jang
Spanish
- almacén
- depósito
- bodega
- esconder
- guardar
Portuguese
- armazém
- esconder
- possuir
- ter
French
- entrepôt
- salle de stockage
- cacher
- avoir
- posséder
| 833 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 936 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 923 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 429 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4042 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 779 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 873 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2424 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1286 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1360 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1111 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 667 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2995 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1530 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2088 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 858 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 31885P | Morohashi |
| 2364 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5182 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 850 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 913 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 986 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1959 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3k12.17 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-12 | SKIP code |
| 2-3-11 | SKIP code |
| 4425.3 | Four corner code |
| 1-34-02 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 8535 | Unicode hex code |