| 192 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 111 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 100 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 112 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1571 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 332 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 170 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1878 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 217 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 217 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 111 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 611 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 574 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 349 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 432 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1243 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 9815 | Morohashi |
| 475 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1695 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1235 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1321 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 133 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 201 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
112 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 強 【キョウ】 a little over, a little more than, strength, the strong, powerhouse, one of the biggest, one of the most powerful, -upper (seismic intensity)
- 強化 【キョウカ】 strengthening, intensifying, reinforcement, enhancement, solidification, reinforcement
- 列強 【レッキョウ】 major powers of the world, great powers
- 屈強 【クッキョウ】 robust, brawny, muscular, strong, sturdy
- 強盗 【ゴウトウ】 robber, mugger, robbery, burglary
- 強引 【ゴウイン】 overbearing, coercive, pushy, forcible, high-handed
Kun reading compounds
- 強い 【つよい】 strong, potent, competent, domineering, tough, strong, brawny, powerful, healthy, rugged, good (at), skilled, knowledgeable, being able to handle, know how to deal (with), durable (against), resistant (to), resilient, firm, rigid, solid, intense, strong, fierce, high, dependable, trustworthy
- 強い雨 【つよいあめ】 heavy rain (specifically 20-29 mm per hour in JMA use)
- 強まる 【つよまる】 to get strong, to gain strength
- 強める 【つよめる】 to strengthen, to emphasize, to emphasise
- 強いる 【しいる】 to force, to compel, to coerce, to press, to impose
- 強い 【こわい】 tough, stiff, hard, inflexible, obstinate, stubborn, tired, worn out
- 強飯 【こわめし】 glutinous rice with red beans (eaten on celebratory occasions), mochi rice with red beans
Readings
- Japanese names:
- すね
- Korean:
- gang
Spanish
- fuerte
- coacción
- poderoso
- obligar
- forzar
- coaccionar
Portuguese
- Forte
- poderoso
- forçar
French
- fort
| 3571 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3h8.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-8 | SKIP code |
| 1323.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-15 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5f37 | Unicode hex code |
system, law, rule
- On:
- セイ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
108 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 制 【セイ】 system, organization, organisation, imperial command, laws, regulation, control, government, suppression, restraint, holding back, establishment
- 制圧 【セイアツ】 gaining total control (of people or counties), suppression, oppression, control, mastery, ascendancy, supremacy
- 天皇制 【テンノウセイ】 the Emperor System
- 帝政 【テイセイ】 imperial government, imperialism, monarchical rule
Readings
- Korean:
- je
Spanish
- determinar
- establecer
- comprobar
- cesar
- poner fin
- sistema
- construir
Portuguese
- sistema
- lei
- regra
French
- système
- règle
- loi
- régime
- contrôle
| 823 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 744 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 722 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 196 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 683 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 635 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 357 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 656 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 427 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 433 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 687 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 193 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1624 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 854 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1170 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 425 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1961 | Morohashi |
| 1274 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 481 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 418 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 447 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 161 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 689 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2443 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2f6.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-2 | SKIP code |
| 2220.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-32-09 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5236 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1572 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 疎 【ソ】 sparse, distant (of a relationship), estranged, alienated
- 疎開 【ソカイ】 evacuation (to the country), spreading out (troops), deployment, dispersal
- 過疎 【カソ】 underpopulation, low population density, depopulation
- 空疎 【クウソ】 empty (e.g. argument), insubstantial, hollow, fruitless
Kun reading compounds
- 疎い 【うとい】 distant (from someone), aloof, estranged, knowing little (of), ill-informed (about), ignorant (of), unfamiliar (with), unacquainted (with)
- 疎む 【うとむ】 to shun, to avoid, to ostracize, to neglect, to distance oneself from, to give the hard shoulder
- 疎ら 【まばら】 sparse, thin, scattered, straggling, sporadic
Readings
- Korean:
- so
Spanish
- descuidar
- desatender
- rehuir
- desinteresado
- descuidado
Portuguese
- desviar
- rude
- negligenciar
- evitar
- esparso
French
- négligence
- ignorer
- aliéner
- éviter
- grossier
- clairsemé
- épars
| 1509 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1786 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3021 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1601 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1542 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1514 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1615 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1826 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1346 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1512 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 799 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1091 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1684 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 22002 | Morohashi |
| 1178 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3776 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1668 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1797 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1568 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3564 | 2001 Kanji |
| 0a11.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-7 | SKIP code |
| 1-4-7 | SKIP code |
| 1519.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-34 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 758e | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
59 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 開花 【カイカ】 flowering, blooming, blossoming, coming into bloom, flowering (of a civilization, talent, etc.), blossoming, blooming, bearing fruit (of efforts)
- 開演 【カイエン】 curtain raising, starting (e.g. play, concert)
- 疎開 【ソカイ】 evacuation (to the country), spreading out (troops), deployment, dispersal
- 非公開 【ヒコウカイ】 private, non-public, secret, closed-door, closed
Kun reading compounds
- 開く 【ひらく】 to open, to undo, to unseal, to unpack, to bloom, to unfold, to spread out, to open (for business, e.g. in the morning), to be wide (gap, etc.), to widen, to hold (meeting, party, etc.), to give, to open, to found (nation, dynasty, sect, etc.), to open (a new business), to set up, to establish, to start, to open (ports, borders, etc.), to open (an account), to open up (new land, path, etc.), to clear, to develop, to open (a file, etc.), to extract (root), to reduce (equation), to cut open (fish), to change (kanji into hiragana), to flare (e.g. skirt), to slacken (into a poor posture)
- 開き 【ひらき】 opening, gap, dried and opened fish
- 開き直る 【ひらきなおる】 to become defiant, to fight back, to turn upon, to take the offensive
- 開ける 【ひらける】 to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.), to spread out, to become clear (of a road, visibility, etc.), to open up, to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.), to get better, to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.), to become civilized, to modernize, to grow, to advance (of knowledge, ideas, etc.), to be sensible, to be understanding, to be enlightened, to open (of a new road, railway, etc.), to be opened to traffic, to become populous, to become densely built, to become bustling
- 開く 【あく】 to open (e.g. doors), to open (e.g. business, etc.), to be empty, to be vacant, to be available, to be free, to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.), to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to come to an end, to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to have a hole, to form a gap, to have an interval (between events)
- 開ける 【あける】 to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package), to unlock, to open (for business, etc.), to empty, to remove, to make space, to make room, to move out, to clear out, to be away from (e.g. one's house), to leave (temporarily), to dawn, to grow light, to end (of a period, season), to begin (of the New Year), to leave (one's schedule) open, to make time (for), to make (a hole), to open up (a hole)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- はる、 か、 ひらき
- Korean:
- gae
Spanish
- abrir
- desdoblar
- dar comienzo
- abrirse
- estar abierto
Portuguese
- abrir
- desdobrar
- deslacrar
French
- ouvrir
- s'ouvrir
- briser le sceau
| 171 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 261 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 241 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 80 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4950 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 550 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 270 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1821 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.13 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 396 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 400 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 215 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1840 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4121 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2092 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2835 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1636 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 41233 | Morohashi |
| 3321 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6393 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1622 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1750 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 290 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 391 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3855 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8e4.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-8-4 | SKIP code |
| 7744.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-19-11 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 958b | Unicode hex code |