| 1416 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1746 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 625 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1122 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1080 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1614 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1722 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 468 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 163 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2470 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1250 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1716 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 306 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1566 | Morohashi |
| 1976 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 399 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 300 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 321 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1021 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
superfluous, uselessness
- On:
- ジョウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1782 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 冗 【ジョウ】 waste, uselessness, redundance
- 冗談 【ジョウダン】 joke, jest, funny story
Readings
- Korean:
- yong
Spanish
- superfluo
- sobrante
- inutilidad
- relajado
- flojo
Portuguese
- supérfluo
- inútil
French
- superflu
- inutile
| 3657 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2i2.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-2 | SKIP code |
| 3721.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-30-73 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5197 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N5
12 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 長 【チョウ】 head, chief, leader, elder, merit, strong point, superiority, major
- 長官 【チョウカン】 secretary (government), director, chief
- 体長 【タイチョウ】 length (of an animal), body length
- 医長 【イチョウ】 medical director, chief physician
Kun reading compounds
- 長い 【ながい】 long (distance, length), long (time), protracted, prolonged
- 長居 【ながい】 long visit, overstaying
- 長 【おさ】 head, chief, leader, the greatest (of all the ...)
- 【オサガメ】 leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
- 田長 【たおさ】 master of the rice field, chief farmer, lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
- 死出田長 【しでたおさ】 lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- お、 おしゃ、 たかし、 たけ、 な、 は、 ひさ
- Korean:
- jang
Spanish
- largo
- jefe
- sobresaliente
Portuguese
- Longo
- ambicionar
- líder
- chefe
French
- long
- chef
| 116 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 189 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 173 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 25 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4938 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 155 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 95 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 939 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.20 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 95 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 95 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 89 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1837 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3163 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1626 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2212 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1939 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 41100 | Morohashi |
| 2556 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6379 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1920 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 2070 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 90 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 161 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3465 | 2001 Kanji |
| 0a8.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-5-3 | SKIP code |
| 4-8-1 | SKIP code |
| 7173.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-36-25 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9577 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
89 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 化 【カ】 change to ..., becoming ..., making into ..., -ization, -ification
- 化学 【カガク】 chemistry
- 機械化 【キカイカ】 mechanization, mechanisation
- 民営化 【ミンエイカ】 privatization, privatisation
- 化粧 【ケショウ】 make-up, makeup, cosmetics, decoration, dressing, veneer
- 化粧水 【ケショウスイ】 skin lotion, face lotion
- 応化 【オウゲ】 assumption of a suitable form (by a buddha or bodhisattva)
- 教化 【キョウケ】 guidance, teaching people and leading them to Buddhism
Kun reading compounds
- 化ける 【ばける】 to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.), to assume the shape of, to turn oneself into, to transform oneself into, to disguise oneself as, to change radically, to metamorphose, to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)
- 化かす 【ばかす】 to bewitch, to confuse, to enchant, to delude
- 老ける 【ふける】 to age, to grow old (esp. in appearance), to show marks of age
Readings
- Korean:
- hwa
Spanish
- cambiar
- transformarse
- modificarse
- disfrazarse
Portuguese
- mudança
- tomar a forma de
- influência
- encantar
- iludir
- seduzir
- -isação
French
- transformation
- prendre la forme de
- maquillage
- influence
- fantôme
- enchanter
- tromper
- chimie
- -isation
| 163 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 258 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 238 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 100 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 350 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 76 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 378 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 56 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.19 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 254 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 254 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 414 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 55 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 22 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 12 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 12 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1017 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 2572X | Morohashi |
| 21 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 580 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1008 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1083 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 104 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 242 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2156 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2a2.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-2 | SKIP code |
| 2121.0 | Four corner code |
| 2421.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-18-29 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5316 | Unicode hex code |