| 175 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 263 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 245 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1195 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1322 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 831 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 159 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1714 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 457 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 464 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 120 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 490 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2894 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1490 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2011 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1540 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 7239X | Morohashi |
| 2311 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1350 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1526 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1645 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 393 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
1456 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 寒 【カン】 midwinter, cold season, coldest days of the year
- 寒気 【サムケ】 chill, the shivers, shivering fit, cold, coldness, cold air
- 悪寒 【オカン】 chill, shakes, ague
- 防寒 【ボウカン】 protection against the cold
Kun reading compounds
- 寒い 【さむい】 cold (e.g. weather), uninteresting (esp. joke), lame, dull, weak, corny
Readings
- Japanese names:
- さ、 さん
- Korean:
- han
Spanish
- frío
- desolado
Portuguese
- Frio
French
- froid (temps)
| 740 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3m9.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-9 | SKIP code |
| 3030.3 | Four corner code |
| 1-20-08 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5bd2 | Unicode hex code |
suffering, trial, worry, hardship, feel bitter, scowl
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
623 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 苦 【ク】 pain, anguish, suffering, distress, anxiety, worry, trouble, difficulty, hardship, duhkha (suffering)
- 苦境 【クキョウ】 difficult situation, adverse circumstances, predicament, trouble, dilemma, distress
- 生活苦 【セイカツク】 hardships of life (esp. due to lack of money), life's struggles
- 病苦 【ビョウク】 pain of sickness
Kun reading compounds
- 苦しい 【くるしい】 painful, difficult, tough, hard, distressing, (psychologically) difficult, stressful, awkward (e.g. position), straitened (circumstances), tight (financial situation), needy, struggling, strained (interpretation, explanation, etc.), lame (e.g. excuse), forced (e.g. smile), far-fetched, hard to do, unpleasant
- 苦しい言い訳 【くるしいいいわけ】 lame excuse, poor excuse
- 苦しむ 【くるしむ】 to suffer, to groan, to be worried
- 苦しめる 【くるしめる】 to torment, to pain, to inflict (physical) pain, to hurt, to harass, to cause (emotional) pain, to afflict, to distress, to bother, to trouble, to stump, to baffle
- 苦い 【にがい】 bitter
- 苦い薬 【にがいくすり】 bitter medicine
- 苦る 【にがる】 to feel bitter, to scowl
Readings
- Korean:
- go
Spanish
- sufrimiento
- pena
- doloroso
- penoso
- trabajoso
- amargo
Portuguese
- sofrimento
- experiência
- preocupar
- dificuldade
- sentir- se amargo
- tristeza
French
- souffrir
- peine
- affliction
- souci
- amer
- renfrogné
| 197 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 283 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 264 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 597 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3928 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 264 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 864 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 687 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 545 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 554 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 342 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 646 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2789 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1433 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1932 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 230 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 30797P | Morohashi |
| 2243 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5009 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 225 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 239 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 344 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 295 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1977 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3k5.24 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-5 | SKIP code |
| 4460.4 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-76 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 82e6 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
1043 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 鶏肉 【トリニク】 chicken meat, fowl, poultry, bird meat
- 鳥獣 【チョウジュウ】 birds and wild animals, wildlife
- 海鳥 【ウミドリ】 sea bird
- 愛鳥 【アイチョウ】 pet bird
Kun reading compounds
- 鳥 【とり】 bird, bird meat (esp. chicken meat), fowl, poultry
- 鳥居 【とりい】 torii (Shinto shrine archway)
- 焼き鳥 【やきとり】 yakitori, chicken pieces (or sometimes beef or pork offal) grilled on a skewer, grilled and skewered bird (esp. sparrow), failing to win a single hand during a half-game
- 花鶏 【あとり】 brambling (bird) (Fringilla montifringilla)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- か、 と、 とっ
- Korean:
- jo
Spanish
- pájaro
- ave
Portuguese
- Pássaro
- sufixo para nomes de pássaros.
French
- oiseau
- poulet
| 117 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 190 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 174 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 932 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5340 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 182 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 283 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1521 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.14 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 285 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 285 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 486 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1934 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4105 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2083 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2822 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1960 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 46634 | Morohashi |
| 3312 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6931 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1941 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 2091 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 210 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 850 | 2001 Kanji |
| 11b0.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-7-4 | SKIP code |
| 4-11-4 | SKIP code |
| 2732.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-36-27 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9ce5 | Unicode hex code |