| 875 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 865 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1033 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 681 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1444 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 361 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 900 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1211 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1274 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1139 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 190 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1619 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 851 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1166 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1535 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1970 | Morohashi |
| 1267 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 478 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1521 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1639 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 863 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N3
866 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 刻 【コク】 period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac), carving, engraving, cutting, mincing, victory, strictness, cruelty
- 刻々 【コッコク】 moment by moment, hour by hour
- 復刻 【フッコク】 republication, reissue, reprinting, reproduction
- 刻一刻 【コクイッコク】 moment by moment, hour by hour
Kun reading compounds
- 刻む 【きざむ】 to mince, to cut fine, to chop up, to hash, to shred, to carve, to engrave, to chisel, to notch, to tick away (time), to beat out (e.g. rhythm), to record the passing moments, to etch (into one's mind), to remember distinctly, to have tattooed, to torment
- 刻み 【きざみ】 mincing, cutting, chopping, notch, nick, rapping (a percussion instrument), beating, shredded tobacco, interval
- 刻み足 【きざみあし】 mincing steps
Readings
- Korean:
- gag
Spanish
- grabar
- esculpir
- triste
- angustiado
- tiempo
- afilar
- cincelar
Portuguese
- escultura
- picar
- fatiar
- moer
- esculpir
French
- graver
- découper
- émincer
- hacher
- moment
- gravure
| 443 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2f6.7 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-2 | SKIP code |
| 0280.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-79 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 523b | Unicode hex code |
suffering, trial, worry, hardship, feel bitter, scowl
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
623 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 苦 【ク】 pain, anguish, suffering, distress, anxiety, worry, trouble, difficulty, hardship, duhkha (suffering)
- 苦境 【クキョウ】 difficult situation, adverse circumstances, predicament, trouble, dilemma, distress
- 生活苦 【セイカツク】 hardships of life (esp. due to lack of money), life's struggles
- 病苦 【ビョウク】 pain of sickness
Kun reading compounds
- 苦しい 【くるしい】 painful, difficult, tough, hard, distressing, (psychologically) difficult, stressful, awkward (e.g. position), straitened (circumstances), tight (financial situation), needy, struggling, strained (interpretation, explanation, etc.), lame (e.g. excuse), forced (e.g. smile), far-fetched, hard to do, unpleasant
- 苦しい言い訳 【くるしいいいわけ】 lame excuse, poor excuse
- 苦しむ 【くるしむ】 to suffer, to groan, to be worried
- 苦しめる 【くるしめる】 to torment, to pain, to inflict (physical) pain, to hurt, to harass, to cause (emotional) pain, to afflict, to distress, to bother, to trouble, to stump, to baffle
- 苦い 【にがい】 bitter
- 苦い薬 【にがいくすり】 bitter medicine
- 苦る 【にがる】 to feel bitter, to scowl
Readings
- Korean:
- go
Spanish
- sufrimiento
- pena
- doloroso
- penoso
- trabajoso
- amargo
Portuguese
- sofrimento
- experiência
- preocupar
- dificuldade
- sentir- se amargo
- tristeza
French
- souffrir
- peine
- affliction
- souci
- amer
- renfrogné
| 197 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 283 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 264 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 597 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3928 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 264 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 864 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 687 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 545 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 554 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 342 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 646 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2789 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1433 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1932 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 230 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 30797P | Morohashi |
| 2243 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5009 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 225 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 239 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 344 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 295 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1977 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3k5.24 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-5 | SKIP code |
| 4460.4 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-76 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 82e6 | Unicode hex code |
refined, ghost, fairy, energy, vitality, semen, excellence, purity, skill
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
752 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 精 【セイ】 spirit, sprite, nymph, energy, vigor (vigour), strength, fine details, semen
- 精鋭 【セイエイ】 elite, best, pick, cream of the crop
- 体外受精 【タイガイジュセイ】 in vitro fertilization, in vitro fertilisation, IVF
- 受精 【ジュセイ】 fertilization, fertilisation, impregnation, pollination, insemination
- 精霊 【ショウリョウ】 spirit of the deceased
- 精進 【ショウジン】 concentration, diligence, devotion, asceticism, zeal in one's quest for enlightenment, adherence to a vegetarian diet
- 無精 【ブショウ】 indolence, laziness, sloth
- 水晶 【スイショウ】 (rock) crystal, high purity quartz
Kun reading compounds
- 精げる 【しらげる】 to polish (rice), to refine, to purify
- 詳しい 【くわしい】 detailed, full, minute, knowing very well, knowledgeable (about), well-acquainted (with), well-informed (about), familiar (with)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- きよ
- Korean:
- jeong
Spanish
- refinar
- purificar
- preciso
- detallado
- vigor
- energía
- espíritu
- esencia
Portuguese
- refinado
- fantasma
- fada
- energia
- vitalidade
- sêmen
- excelência
- pureza
- habilidade
French
- raffiné
- fantôme
- féérique
- énergie
- vitalité
- sperme
- excellence
- pureté
- habileté
| 647 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 748 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 725 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 672 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3480 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 457 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 806 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2131 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 659 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 670 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 877 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1500 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1729 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 924 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1248 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1549 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 26997P | Morohashi |
| 1366 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4411 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1535 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1655 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 439 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 792 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1046 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6b8.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-8 | SKIP code |
| 9592.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-32-26 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7cbe | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1254 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 励起 【レイキ】 (electrical) excitation
- 励起状態 【レイキジョウタイ】 excited state
- 精励 【セイレイ】 diligence, industry, assiduity, hard work
- 刻苦精励 【コックセイレイ】 being arduous, working diligently enduring hardships, making a strenuous effort
Kun reading compounds
- 励む 【はげむ】 to work hard, to try hard, to strive, to endeavour, to endeavor, to devote oneself to, to make an effort, to be zealous
- 励ます 【はげます】 to encourage, to cheer on, to cheer (someone) up, to raise (one's voice)
Readings
- Korean:
- ryeo
Spanish
- aliento
- estímulo
- esfuerzo
- diligencia
- alentar
- estimular
- esforzarse
- ser diligente
Portuguese
- encorajar
- estar diligente
- inspirar
French
- encourager
- être appliqué
- pousser à
| 1919 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1227 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 193 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1495 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1101 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 430 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1340 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1423 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 832 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 213 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1438 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 762 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1035 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 875 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 2326 | Morohashi |
| 1119 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 528 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 866 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 931 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1100 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3345 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2g5.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-2 | SKIP code |
| 7422.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-69 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 52b1 | Unicode hex code |