| 260 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 166 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 149 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 381 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4293 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 211 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 248 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2544 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.6 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 175 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 175 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 249 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1647 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2264 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1172 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1599 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1518 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 34918 | Morohashi |
| 1799 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5534 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1504 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1621 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 315 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 237 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
406 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 親 【シン】 intimacy, closeness, friendliness, close relative, pro- (e.g. pro-American)
- 親衛 【シンエイ】 monarch's guards
- 懇親 【コンシン】 friendship, intimacy
- 近親 【キンシン】 near relative
Kun reading compounds
- 親 【おや】 parent, parents, mother and father, dealer, banker, founder, inventor, (pet) owner, key, parent (organization), main, ancestor, forefather
- 親方 【おやかた】 master, boss, chief, foreman, supervisor, stable master, craftsman, artisan, foster parent
- 生みの親 【うみのおや】 biological parent, founder, creator
- 里親 【さとおや】 foster parent, foster parents, (pet) caretaker
- 親しい 【したしい】 close (e.g. friend), familiar, friendly, intimate, familiar (e.g. story), well-known (to one), close (relatives), closely related
- 親しむ 【したしむ】 to be intimate with, to befriend
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ぎ、 ちか、 のり
- Korean:
- chin
Spanish
- padre
- madre
- familiares
- íntimo
- personalmente
- padres
- hacerse amigo
- intimar
Portuguese
- pai
- intimidade
- parente
- familiaridade
- crupiê
French
- parent
- parenté
- intimité
- familiarité
- donneur (cartes)
| 457 | 2001 Kanji |
| 5b11.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-9-7 | SKIP code |
| 0691.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-31-38 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 89aa | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N1
722 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 臨界 【リンカイ】 boundary, (nuclear) criticality, critical (mass, pressure, temperature, state, point, etc.)
- 臨海 【リンカイ】 coastal, seaside, oceanfront, maritime
- 意臨 【イリン】 copying calligraphy without sticking to the model (calligraphy), copying freely
- 形臨 【ケイリン】 copying calligraphy from a model
Kun reading compounds
- 臨む 【のぞむ】 to look out on, to overlook, to front onto, to face (a situation, crisis, etc.), to meet (e.g. death), to be confronted by, to deal with (an issue), to attend (e.g. a function), to appear (e.g. in court), to be present at, to go to (e.g. a place), to take part in, to participate, to join
Readings
- Japanese names:
- み
- Korean:
- rim
Spanish
- asistir
- encontrar
- encarar
- enfrentarse
- confrontar
Portuguese
- considerar
- enfrentar
- reunião
- confrontar
- coparecer
- invocar
French
- faire face à
- rencontrer
- affronter
- assister à
- passer voir
- se rendre sur place
- exceptionnel
| 880 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 1004 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 994 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 897 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3840 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 783 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1683 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 836 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 855 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1229 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1806 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2059 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1083 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1470 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 862 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 30087 | Morohashi |
| 1630 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4899 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 854 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 918 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1004 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3477 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2t15.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-7-11 | SKIP code |
| 1-6-11 | SKIP code |
| 7876.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-55 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 81e8 | Unicode hex code |