| 633 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 730 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 704 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 644 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 491 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 563 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 321 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1038 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 945 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 975 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1175 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 107 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 138 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 92 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 105 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1738 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 721 | Morohashi |
| 123 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 260 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1722 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1858 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 715 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N1
603 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 修業 【シュウギョウ】 pursuit of knowledge, studying, learning, training, completing a course
- 修学旅行 【シュウガクリョコウ】 excursion, field trip, school trip
- 監修 【カンシュウ】 (editorial) supervision, general editorship, supervising director
- 改修 【カイシュウ】 repair, improvement
- 修業 【シュウギョウ】 pursuit of knowledge, studying, learning, training, completing a course
- 修学旅行 【シュウガクリョコウ】 excursion, field trip, school trip
- 逆修 【ギャクシュ】 holding a memorial service for oneself, an older person conducting a memorial service for a deceased, younger person
Kun reading compounds
- 修める 【おさめる】 to study, to complete (a course), to cultivate, to master, to order (one's life), to repair (a fault one has committed)
- 修まる 【おさまる】 to reform (oneself), to conduct oneself well
Readings
- Japanese names:
- おき、 なが、 のぶ、 おさむ
- Korean:
- su
Spanish
- disciplina
- reparación
- arreglo
- dominar
- controlar
- controlarse
Portuguese
- disciplina
- estudo
- mestre
French
- discipline
- bien se conduire
- étudier
- maîtriser
| 2160 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2a8.11 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-8 | SKIP code |
| 1-3-7 | SKIP code |
| 2822.2 | Four corner code |
| 2722.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-29-04 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 4fee | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
438 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 復旧 【フッキュウ】 restoration, restitution, rehabilitation
- 復員 【フクイン】 demobilization, demobilisation, repatriation
- 重複 【チョウフク】 duplication, repetition, overlapping, redundancy, restoration
- 障害回復 【ショウガイカイフク】 fault recovery
Kun reading compounds
- 又 【また】 again, once more, once again, another time, some other time, also, too, as well, likewise, on the other hand, while, and, in addition, besides, moreover, furthermore, or, otherwise, really, how, (what, why) on earth, indirect
- 又々 【またまた】 once again, yet again, (there you go) again
Readings
- Korean:
- bog, bu
Spanish
- volver
- regresar
- repetir
- tomar represalias
Portuguese
- restaurar
- retornar
- reverter
- recomeçar
French
- retourner
- restaurer
- reprendre
| 710 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 803 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 782 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 585 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1627 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 588 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 525 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1571 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 917 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 939 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 521 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 634 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 701 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 420 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 527 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 884 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 10183 | Morohashi |
| 575 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1760 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 875 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 940 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 766 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2067 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3i9.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-9 | SKIP code |
| 2824.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-41-92 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5fa9 | Unicode hex code |
fermentation
- On:
- コウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1862 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 酵素 【コウソ】 enzyme
- 酵母 【コウボ】 yeast, leaven
- 並行複発酵 【ヘイコウフクハッコウ】 multiple parallel fermentation (esp. in sake brewing)
- 精密発酵 【セイミツハッコウ】 precision fermentation (use of microbial hosts, such as bacteria and yeast, to produce specific biomolecules)
Readings
- Korean:
- hyo
Spanish
- fermento
- fermentación
Portuguese
- fermentação
French
- fermentation
| 1265 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1602 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4787 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1589 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1836 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1866 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 2026 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1595 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1795 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1966 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1047 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1413 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1442 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 39868 | Morohashi |
| 1561 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6175 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1430 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1538 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1734 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3247 | 2001 Kanji |
| 7e6.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-7-7 | SKIP code |
| 1-7-6 | SKIP code |
| 1464.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-58 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9175 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N1
660 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 素 【ソ】 plain, white silk, prime
- 素案 【ソアン】 rough plan, draft
- 栄養素 【エイヨウソ】 nutrient
- 酵素 【コウソ】 enzyme
- 素 【ス】 one's nature, one's feelings, oneself, plain, unadorned, undecorated, unadulterated, au naturel, mere, poor, exceedingly
- 素顔 【スガオ】 face with no make-up, unpainted face, true face (of a country, celebrity, etc.), real face, true picture, real nature, sober face, sobriety
- 空素 【カラス】 dealt hand containing only 1-point cards (scoring combination)
- 鉤素 【ハリス】 snell (fishing), leader, trace, cast
Kun reading compounds
- 元 【もと】 origin, source, beginning, basis, base, foundation, root, cause, (raw) material, ingredient, base, mix (e.g. for a cake), (soup) stock, (one's) side, capital, principal, cost price, root (of a plant), (tree) trunk, part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand), first three lines of a waka, counter for plants or trees, counter for falcons (in falconry)
- 元より 【もとより】 from the beginning, from the first, all along, originally, of course, not to mention ..., not only ... but also ..., to say nothing of ...
- 味の素 【あじのもと】 Ajinomoto, brand name of monosodium glutamate (MSG)
- 味の素 【あじのもと】 Ajinomoto Co. Inc.
Readings
- Korean:
- so
Spanish
- materia prima
- elemental
- normal
- usual
Portuguese
- elementar
- princípio
- descoberto
- nu
French
- élément
- principe
- nu
- découvert
| 658 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 759 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 737 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 717 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3511 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 797 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1623 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1707 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 271 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 271 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 636 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1506 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3108 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1590 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2171 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1546 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 27300 | Morohashi |
| 2458 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4456 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1532 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1652 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 500 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 716 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1441 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6a4.12 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-4-6 | SKIP code |
| 5090.3 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-39 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7d20 | Unicode hex code |