| 1830 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1074 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5392 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1783 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1380 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2428 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1530 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1631 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1415 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 852 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3938 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2030 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2740 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 646 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 12613P | Morohashi |
| 3175 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2264 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 639 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 689 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1768 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1252 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 摩擦 【マサツ】 friction, rubbing, chafing, discord, friction, strife, conflict
- 摩天楼 【マテンロウ】 skyscraper
- 研磨 【ケンマ】 grinding, polishing, refining (a skill, knowledge, etc.), applying oneself (to study), disciplining oneself
- あん摩 【アンマ】 massage (esp. anma, a traditional form of Japanese massage), masseur, masseuse, massager, blind person
Kun reading compounds
- 摩する 【まする】 to rub, to scrub, to scrape, to draw near, to press
- 摩る 【さする】 to rub, to pat, to stroke, to massage
- 擦る 【する】 to rub, to chafe, to strike (match), to file, to frost (glass), to lose (e.g. a match), to forfeit, to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.)
Readings
- Korean:
- ma
Spanish
- roce
- fricción
- caricia
Portuguese
- escoriação
- raspar
- polir
- alcance
- arranhão
French
- irriter
- gratter
- caresser
- frictionner
- polir
- moudre
| 547 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3q12.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-12 | SKIP code |
| 3-11-4 | SKIP code |
| 0025.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-43-64 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6469 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N2
562 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 周 【シュウ】 counter for laps or circuits, perimeter, Zhou dynasty (of China; approx. 1046-256 BCE), Chou dynasty
- 周囲 【シュウイ】 surroundings, environs, circumference
- 円周 【エンシュウ】 circumference
- 外周 【ガイシュウ】 outer circumference, perimeter, outskirts, periphery
Kun reading compounds
- 周り 【まわり】 circumference, girth, surroundings, neighbourhood, neighborhood, vicinity, people surrounding oneself, surrounding circumstances
- 回りくどい 【まわりくどい】 circuitous, roundabout, indirect
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あまね、 しゅ、 す、 ちか、 のり、 ひろ、 びび、 まこと
- Korean:
- ju
Spanish
- circunferencia
- vuelta
- alrededores
- difundir
Portuguese
- circunferência
- circuito
- volta
French
- circonférence
- tour
- alentours
| 632 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 532 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 504 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 694 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 622 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 187 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 409 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 736 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 91 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 91 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 558 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 324 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3720 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1903 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2585 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 323 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 3441P | Morohashi |
| 2998 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 768 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 317 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 339 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 507 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3649 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2r6.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-2-6 | SKIP code |
| 7722.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-28-94 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5468 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N2
1344 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 湖 【コ】 lake (in place names)
- 湖沼 【コショウ】 lake, marsh, wetland, inland waters
- 汽水湖 【キスイコ】 brackish lake
- 塩水湖 【エンスイコ】 saltwater or saline lake
Kun reading compounds
- 湖 【みずうみ】 lake
- 白鳥の湖 【はくちょうのみずうみ】 Swan Lake (ballet)
- 白鳥の湖 【はくちょうのみずうみ】 Swan Lake (ballet)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- うみ、 み
- Korean:
- ho
Spanish
- lago
Portuguese
- lago
French
- lac
| 394 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 293 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 276 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1086 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2628 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 573 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 699 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1584 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 467 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 475 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 453 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1220 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 736 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 439 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 551 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 150 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 17836 | Morohashi |
| 604 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3240 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 148 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 159 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 396 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 346 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3a9.8 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-9 | SKIP code |
| 3712.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-24-48 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6e56 | Unicode hex code |