| 229 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 150 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 134 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 53 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3841 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 60 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 242 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 340 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.19 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 62 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 62 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 63 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1587 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4338 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2195 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2954 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 36 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 30095 | Morohashi |
| 3525 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4900 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 36 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 36 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 14 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 126 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
19 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 自 【ジ】 self-, from (a time or place)
- 自営 【ジエイ】 running one's own business, doing business on one's own, self-employment
- 出自 【シュツジ】 origin, birthplace, descent, lineage, ancestry, stock
- 海自 【カイジ】 Maritime Self-Defense Force
- 自然界 【シゼンカイ】 nature, the natural world, realm of nature
- 自然 【シゼン】 nature, natural, spontaneous, automatic, naturally, spontaneously, automatically
- 己がじし 【オノガジシ】 each (and every one), individually
Kun reading compounds
- 自ら 【みずから】 oneself, oneself, for oneself, personally, in person
- 自ら進んで 【みずからすすんで】 by choice, of one's own free will, on one's own initiative, off one's own bat
- 自ずから 【おのずから】 naturally, in due course, by itself, of its own accord
- 自ずから明らか 【おのずからあきらか】 self-evident
- 自ずと 【おのずと】 naturally, in due course, by itself, of its own accord
Readings
- Japanese names:
- より
- Korean:
- ja
Spanish
- uno mismo
- por sí mismo
- auto-
Portuguese
- a si próprio
French
- soi-même
| 879 | 2001 Kanji |
| 5c1.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-6-2 | SKIP code |
| 2600.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-28-11 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 81ea | Unicode hex code |
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 溶接 【ヨウセツ】 welding
- 溶岩 【ヨウガン】 lava
Kun reading compounds
- 溶ける 【とける】 to melt, to thaw, to fuse, to dissolve
- 溶かす 【とかす】 to dissolve, to melt
Readings
- Korean:
- yong
Spanish
- fundición
- fundir
- fundirse
Portuguese
French
| 2786 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1340 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 19319 | Morohashi |
| 1058 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3458 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 2547 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 8a10.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-10 | SKIP code |
| 9386.8 | Four corner code |
| 1-45-48 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7194 | Unicode hex code |
made in..., manufacture
- On:
- セイ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N1
488 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 製 【セイ】 make, manufacture, -made, made of ..., made in ...
- 製鋼 【セイコウ】 steel manufacture
- 縫製 【ホウセイ】 sewing (by machine)
- 既製 【キセイ】 ready-made, off the shelf
Readings
- Korean:
- je
Spanish
- fabricar
- construir
- hecho en
Portuguese
- feito em...
- manufaturado
French
- "fabriqué en"
- fabrication
| 648 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 749 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 726 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 318 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4249 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 570 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 885 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2388 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 428 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 434 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 686 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1628 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3478 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1792 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2441 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 426 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 34380 | Morohashi |
| 2803 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5476 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 419 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 448 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 793 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2465 | 2001 Kanji |
| 5e8.9 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-8-6 | SKIP code |
| 2273.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-32-29 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 88fd | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
2221 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 錬金術師 【レンキンジュツシ】 alchemist
- 錬金術 【レンキンジュツ】 alchemy, way of making money, moneymaker, money-spinner
- 修練 【シュウレン】 training, drill, practice, practising, discipline
- 精錬 【セイレン】 refining, refinement, smelting, training
Kun reading compounds
- 練る 【ねる】 to knead, to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame), to polish (a plan, etc.), to refine, to elaborate, to work out, to train, to drill, to exercise, to gloss (silk), to soften, to degum, to tan (leather), to temper (steel), to walk in procession, to parade, to march
- 錬る 【ねる】 to temper (steel)
Readings
- Korean:
- ryeon
Spanish
- forjar
- refinar
- disciplinar
- pulir
Portuguese
- tempera
- refinar
- broca
- treinar
- polir
French
- endurcir
- améliorer
- entrainer
- perfectionner
- écrouir
| 1933 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1847 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4881 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1872 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1853 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1816 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1965 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1602 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1829 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2185 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1146 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1553 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 2049 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 40576 | Morohashi |
| 1741 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6300 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 2030 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 2186 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1861 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2864 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8a8.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-8-8 | SKIP code |
| 8519.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-47-03 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 932c | Unicode hex code |