| 91 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 158 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 141 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 461 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2122 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 162 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 188 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 963 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.20 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 460 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 468 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 96 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 971 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3184 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1644 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2232 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1582 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13844 | Morohashi |
| 2576 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2453 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1568 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1690 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 179 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
579 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 春秋 【シュンジュウ】 spring and autumn, spring and fall, years, age, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Chronicles of Lu, Chunqiu, Ch'un Ch'iu
- 春季 【シュンキ】 spring season
- 昨春 【サクシュン】 last spring, the spring of last year
- 売春 【バイシュン】 prostitution
Kun reading compounds
- 春 【はる】 spring, springtime, New Year, prime (of life), height (of one's prosperity), heyday, adolescence, puberty, sexuality, sexual desire
- 春秋 【しゅんじゅう】 spring and autumn, spring and fall, years, age, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Chronicles of Lu, Chunqiu, Ch'un Ch'iu
- 小春 【こはる】 10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November), late autumn, late fall
- 毎春 【まいしゅん】 every spring
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あずま、 かす、 すの、 ひ、 わら
- Korean:
- chun
Spanish
- primavera
- comienzo del año
- tiempos de juventud
Portuguese
- primaveril
- primavera (estação)
French
- printemps
| 1478 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4c5.13 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-5-4 | SKIP code |
| 4-9-2 | SKIP code |
| 5060.3 | Four corner code |
| 1-29-53 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6625 | Unicode hex code |
outskirts, suburbs, rural area
- On:
- コウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N2
1304 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 郊外 【コウガイ】 suburb, residential area on the outskirt of a city, commuter belt
- 郊外化 【コウガイカ】 suburbanization
- 南郊 【ナンコウ】 southern suburbs
- 北郊 【ホッコウ】 northern suburbs
Readings
- Korean:
- gyo
Spanish
- afueras
- suburbios
- área rural
Portuguese
- periferia
- subúrbios
- área rural
French
- périphérie
- banlieue
- zone rurale
| 1254 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1237 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4761 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1030 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 968 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 888 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 817 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 836 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 503 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 756 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1638 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 864 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1181 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1861 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 39392 | Morohashi |
| 1286 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6137 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1844 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1987 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1299 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 444 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2d6.8 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-3 | SKIP code |
| 1-6-2 | SKIP code |
| 0742.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-57 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 90ca | Unicode hex code |