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Noun
1. Self-Strengthening Movement (political reform movement in China during the late Qing dynasty); Westernization MovementHistorical term
Wikipedia definition
2. Self-Strengthening MovementThe Self-Strengthening Movement, c 1861–1895, was a period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers. To make peace with the Western powers in China, Prince Gong was made regent, grand councilor, and head of the newly formed Zongli Yamen (Office of Foreign Affairs). He would be assisted by a new generation of leaders (see below).
Read “Self-Strengthening Movement” on English Wikipedia
Read “洋務運動” on Japanese Wikipedia
Read “Self-Strengthening Movement” on DBpedia

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