| 731 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 624 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 594 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 605 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3671 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 773 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1907 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2558 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 402 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 406 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 675 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1901 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2998 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1531 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2089 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1491 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 44144 | Morohashi |
| 2365 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6691 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1479 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1591 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 629 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N1
888 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 養子 【ヨウシ】 adopted child (usu. male), son-in-law
- 養育 【ヨウイク】 bringing up, rearing, upbringing
- 供養 【クヨウ】 memorial service for the dead, holding a service
- 培養 【バイヨウ】 culture, cultivation, cultivation (of plants), growing, raising, cultivation (e.g. of a skill), nurture (of democracy, national power, etc.), growth
Kun reading compounds
- 養う 【やしなう】 to support, to maintain, to provide for, to bring up, to raise, to rear, to feed, to adopt (a child), to cultivate (a habit, a quality, etc.), to develop, to build up, to foster, to recuperate (from injury, illness, etc.)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- や
- Korean:
- yang
Spanish
- criar
- mantener
- cultivarse
Portuguese
- alimentar
- educar
- cultivar
- desenvolvee
- nutrir
French
- nourrir
- élever
- cultiver
- soigner
- développer
| 965 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2o13.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-12 | SKIP code |
| 2-8-7 | SKIP code |
| 2-2-13 | SKIP code |
| 2-6-9 | SKIP code |
| 8073.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-45-60 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 990a | Unicode hex code |
子
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N5
72 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 子 【シ】 child (esp. a boy), viscount, founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius), master, masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature), you, -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
- 子宮 【シキュウ】 womb, uterus
- 中性子 【チュウセイシ】 neutron
- 精子 【セイシ】 sperm, spermatozoon
- 主 【ス】 honorific (or familiar) suffix used after a name
- 恵比寿 【エビス】 Ebisu, god of fishing and commerce
- 久留子 【クルス】 cross sign
- 対子 【トイツ】 pair, eyes
- 七対子 【チートイツ】 seven pairs, winning hand composed of seven pairs
Kun reading compounds
- 子 【こ】 child, kid, teenager, youngster, young (non-adult) person, (one's) child, offspring, young woman, young (animal), offshoot, interest, new share, player who is not a dealer, young geisha, young prostitute, bird egg, -er (often of young women)
- 子 【こう】 child, interest
- 根っこ 【ねっこ】 root (of a plant), stump (of a tree), root (of a problem, etc.), base, foundation, origin, source
- 江戸っ子 【えどっこ】 (true) Tokyoite, Edoite, Tokyo native, Edokko
- 子 【ね】 the Rat (first sign of the Chinese zodiac), hour of the Rat (around midnight, 11pm to 1am, or 12 midnight to 2am), north, eleventh month of the lunar calendar
- 子忌み 【ねいみ】 collecting herbs and pulling out young pine trees by the roots (annual event held on the first day of the Rat of the New Year)
- 庚子 【かのえね】 Metal Rat (37th term of the sexagenary cycle, e.g. 1960, 2020, 2080)
- 甲子 【きのえね】 Wood Rat (1st term of the sexagenary cycle, e.g. 1924, 1984, 2044)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- い、 き、 ぎ、 く、 け、 ねっ
- Korean:
- ja
Spanish
- chiquillo
- niño
Portuguese
- criança
French
- enfant
- signe de la 1ère branche terrestre
- signe du Rat (zodiaque)
- 23 h à 01 h
- Nord (0°)
| 31 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 40 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 25 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 56 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1264 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 61 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 43 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 38 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.18 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 103 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 103 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 69 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 455 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4196 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2125 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2872 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 96 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 6930 | Morohashi |
| 3390 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1281 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 95 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 99 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 42 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 18 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3547 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2c0.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-3-1 | SKIP code |
| 4-2-1 | SKIP code |
| 1740.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-27-50 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5b50 | Unicode hex code |
affinity, relation, connection, edge, border, verge, brink
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1291 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 縁 【エン】 fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together), relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection, family ties, affinity, opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship), pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes), narrow open-air veranda
- 縁起 【エンギ】 omen, sign of luck, origin, history, causation, dependent arising, doctrine that everything has a cause and there is nothing that arises out of nothing
- 遠縁 【トオエン】 distant relative
- 内縁 【ナイエン】 de facto marriage, common-law marriage
Kun reading compounds
- 縁 【ふち】 rim, brim, edge, brink
- 縁石 【えんせき】 curb (stone), kerb
- 盆の縁 【ぼんのふち】 edge of a tray
- 縁取る 【ふちどる】 to border, to fringe, to hem, to edge
- 縁 【ゆかり】 connection (to a person, place, etc.), relation, affinity
- 縁の色 【ゆかりのいろ】 violet
- 縁 【よすが】 something to rely on, aid, clue, way, means, someone to rely on, relative, reminder, memento
- 縁 【へり】 edge (of a river, woods, etc.), shoulder (of a road), rim, brim, hem, margin, fringe, selvage, fabric border (of a tatami mat, etc.), edging
- 縁石 【えんせき】 curb (stone), kerb
- 縁 【えん】 fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together), relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection, family ties, affinity, opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship), pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes), narrow open-air veranda
Readings
- Korean:
- yeon, dan
Spanish
- afinidad
- relación
- conexión
- borde
- frontera
- margen
Portuguese
- afinidade
- relação
- conexão
- margem
- borda
- limite
- extremidade
French
- affinité
- relation
- karma
- rapport
- bord
- bordure
| 1030 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1362 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3585 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1244 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1641 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2660 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1131 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1183 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 732 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1548 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1754 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 940 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1269 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1384 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 27656P | Morohashi |
| 1386 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4553 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1372 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1472 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1790 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2751 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6a9.10 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-9 | SKIP code |
| 2793.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-17-79 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7e01 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N3
204 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 組閣 【ソカク】 formation of a cabinet
- 組織 【ソシキ】 organization, organisation, formation, structure, construction, setup, constitution, system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.), tissue, texture (of a rock), weave (of a fabric)
- 労組 【ロウソ】 labor union, labour union, trade union
- 改組 【カイソ】 reorganization, reorganisation, reshuffle
Kun reading compounds
- 組む 【くむ】 to cross (legs or arms), to link (arms), to put together, to construct, to assemble, to produce (e.g. TV program), to braid, to plait, to grapple, to wrestle, to unite, to join, to link up, to form an alliance, to set (e.g. type), to issue (e.g. money order)
- 組 【くみ】 class (of students), group (of people), party, team, crew, lot, bunch, set, crime family, organized-crime syndicate, set (of items), assortment, deck (of cards), pack, typesetting, composition
- 組合 【くみあい】 association, union, guild
- 労組 【ろうそ】 labor union, labour union, trade union
- 死の組 【しのくみ】 group of death, tournament group containing many strong teams
Readings
- Korean:
- jo
Spanish
- grupo
- equipo
- juntar
- unir
- agrupar
Portuguese
- associação
- trança
- trançart
- construir
- montar
- unir-se
- cooperar
- agarrar
French
- association
- tresse
- natte
- assembler
- construire
- unir
- coopérer
- se débattre avec
| 103 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 178 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 160 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 189 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3520 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 458 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 814 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1952 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 418 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 424 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 635 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1529 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1693 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 904 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1224 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1792 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 27374 | Morohashi |
| 1337 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4470 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1776 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1914 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 122 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 209 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2773 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6a5.7 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-5 | SKIP code |
| 2791.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-40 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7d44 | Unicode hex code |