| 378 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 486 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 462 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1358 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4912 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 647 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1858 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2817 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 863 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 882 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1034 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1834 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2219 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1157 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1576 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 494 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 40812 | Morohashi |
| 1766 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6341 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 483 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 522 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 638 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N1
1506 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 鏡面 【キョウメン】 mirror surface, lens surface
- 鏡台 【キョウダイ】 dresser
- 内視鏡 【ナイシキョウ】 endoscope
- 万華鏡 【マンゲキョウ】 kaleidoscope
- 明鏡 【メイキョウ】 polished mirror, clear mirror
- 鸞鏡 【ランキョウ】 mirror with a mythical Chinese bird carved into the back, (in Japan) 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. A sharp)
Kun reading compounds
- 鏡 【かがみ】 mirror, looking-glass, barrel head, page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc., mirror-shaped mochi
- 鏡板 【かがみいた】 panel, scene-panel, painted backdrop (panel at the back of a noh stage), on which a pine tree is painted
- 懐中鏡 【かいちゅうかがみ】 pocket mirror
- 化粧鏡 【けしょうかがみ】 bathroom mirror, vanity mirror
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あき、 かが、 かがん
- Korean:
- gyeong
Spanish
- espejo
- espéculo
- lente
Portuguese
- espelho
- espéculo
- cano principal
- oferenda de bolinho de arroz
French
- miroir
- -scope
- tonneau (saké)
- gâteau de riz de Nouvel an
| 2857 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8a11.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-8-11 | SKIP code |
| 8011.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-32 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 93e1 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N4
578 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 花形 【ハナガタ】 floral pattern, flourish, ornament, star (actor, player, etc.)
- 花園 【ハナゾノ】 flower garden
- 献花 【ケンカ】 flower offering, floral tribute, laying flowers
- 紅花 【ベニバナ】 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), dyer's safflower
- 花かご 【ハナカゴ】 flower basket, flower basket (or plate) used for flower-scattering rituals
- 花瓶 【ケビョウ】 vase used to hold flower offerings (often made of gilded copper)
- 天花 【テンゲ】 flowers that bloom in the heavens, paper flowers scattered before the Buddha's image
Kun reading compounds
- 花 【はな】 flower, blossom, bloom, petal, cherry blossom, beauty, blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms), ikebana, hanafuda, (the) best, glorious, lovely
- 花形 【はながた】 floral pattern, flourish, ornament, star (actor, player, etc.)
- 菜の花 【なのはな】 rape blossoms, rapeseed flowers
- 紅花 【べにばな】 safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), dyer's safflower
Readings
- Japanese names:
- わ
- Korean:
- hwa
Spanish
- flor
Portuguese
- flor
French
- fleur
| 43 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 70 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 9 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 551 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3909 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 328 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 81 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 481 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.18 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 255 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 255 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 314 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 641 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2740 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1405 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1894 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1018 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 30734P | Morohashi |
| 2211 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4980 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1009 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1084 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 69 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1956 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3k4.7 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-4 | SKIP code |
| 4421.4 | Four corner code |
| 1-18-54 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 82b1 | Unicode hex code |
affinity, relation, connection, edge, border, verge, brink
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1291 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 縁 【エン】 fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together), relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection, family ties, affinity, opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship), pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes), narrow open-air veranda
- 縁起 【エンギ】 omen, sign of luck, origin, history, causation, dependent arising, doctrine that everything has a cause and there is nothing that arises out of nothing
- 遠縁 【トオエン】 distant relative
- 内縁 【ナイエン】 de facto marriage, common-law marriage
Kun reading compounds
- 縁 【ふち】 rim, brim, edge, brink
- 縁石 【えんせき】 curb (stone), kerb
- 盆の縁 【ぼんのふち】 edge of a tray
- 縁取る 【ふちどる】 to border, to fringe, to hem, to edge
- 縁 【ゆかり】 connection (to a person, place, etc.), relation, affinity
- 縁の色 【ゆかりのいろ】 violet
- 縁 【よすが】 something to rely on, aid, clue, way, means, someone to rely on, relative, reminder, memento
- 縁 【へり】 edge (of a river, woods, etc.), shoulder (of a road), rim, brim, hem, margin, fringe, selvage, fabric border (of a tatami mat, etc.), edging
- 縁石 【えんせき】 curb (stone), kerb
- 縁 【えん】 fate, destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together), relationship (e.g. between two people), bond, link, connection, family ties, affinity, opportunity, chance (to meet someone and start a relationship), pratyaya (indirect conditions, as opposed to direct causes), narrow open-air veranda
Readings
- Korean:
- yeon, dan
Spanish
- afinidad
- relación
- conexión
- borde
- frontera
- margen
Portuguese
- afinidade
- relação
- conexão
- margem
- borda
- limite
- extremidade
French
- affinité
- relation
- karma
- rapport
- bord
- bordure
| 1030 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1362 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3585 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1244 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1641 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2660 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1131 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1183 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 732 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1548 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1754 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 940 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1269 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1384 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 27656P | Morohashi |
| 1386 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4553 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1372 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1472 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1790 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2751 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6a9.10 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-9 | SKIP code |
| 2793.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-17-79 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7e01 | Unicode hex code |