| 719 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 813 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 792 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1037 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4499 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 871 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 926 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 760 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 773 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 433 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1733 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3214 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1665 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2255 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1436 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 36721 | Morohashi |
| 2601 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5788 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1424 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1529 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 768 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
trade, exchange
- On:
- ボウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
652 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 貿易 【ボウエキ】 (foreign) trade, (international) commerce, importing and exporting
- 貿易赤字 【ボウエキアカジ】 trade deficit
- 内貿 【ナイボウ】 domestic commerce, internal trade
Readings
- Korean:
- mu
Spanish
- comercio
- intercambio
Portuguese
- comercializar
- trocar
French
- commerce
- négoce
- échanges
| 2661 | 2001 Kanji |
| 7b5.8 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-5-7 | SKIP code |
| 7780.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-43-39 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 8cbf | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
571 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 易 【エキ】 type of cleromancy divination (described in the Book of Changes) performed with long sticks, The Book of Changes, Yijing, I Ching
- 易学 【エキガク】 study of divination
- 改易 【カイエキ】 change of rank
- 加工交易 【カコウコウエキ】 processing trade (importing all or part of raw and auxiliary materials, parts, components, accessories, and packaging materials in bond from a foreign company, and re-exporting the finished products after processing or assembly for distribution and sale by that foreign company)
- 易 【イ】 easiness
- 易々 【イイ】 easy, simple, plain
- 簡易 【カンイ】 simplicity, convenience, easiness, quasi-
- 難易 【ナンイ】 (relative) difficulty
Kun reading compounds
- 易しい 【やさしい】 easy, plain, simple
- やさしい日本語 【やさしいにほんご】 easy Japanese (that is easily understood by non-native speakers, children, etc.)
- 易い 【やすい】 easy, likely to ..., have a tendency to ..., easy to ...
Readings
- Korean:
- yeog, i
Spanish
- fácil
- simple
- cambio
- intercambio
- adivinación
- sencillo
Portuguese
- Fácil
- ler a sorte
- pronto para
- simples
- advinhação
French
- facile
- prêt-à-...
- simple
- voyance
- divination
- commerce
| 545 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 647 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 618 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 810 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2107 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 824 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 597 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 714 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 759 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 772 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 434 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 967 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3064 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1561 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2135 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1060 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13814 | Morohashi |
| 2411 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2432 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1051 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1130 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 383 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 676 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3851 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4c4.9 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-4-4 | SKIP code |
| 6022.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-16-55 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6613 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1252 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 摩擦 【マサツ】 friction, rubbing, chafing, discord, friction, strife, conflict
- 摩天楼 【マテンロウ】 skyscraper
- 研磨 【ケンマ】 grinding, polishing, refining (a skill, knowledge, etc.), applying oneself (to study), disciplining oneself
- あん摩 【アンマ】 massage (esp. anma, a traditional form of Japanese massage), masseur, masseuse, massager, blind person
Kun reading compounds
- 摩する 【まする】 to rub, to scrub, to scrape, to draw near, to press
- 摩る 【さする】 to rub, to pat, to stroke, to massage
- 擦る 【する】 to rub, to chafe, to strike (match), to file, to frost (glass), to lose (e.g. a match), to forfeit, to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.)
Readings
- Korean:
- ma
Spanish
- roce
- fricción
- caricia
Portuguese
- escoriação
- raspar
- polir
- alcance
- arranhão
French
- irriter
- gratter
- caresser
- frictionner
- polir
- moudre
| 1830 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1074 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5392 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1783 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1380 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2428 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1530 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1631 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1415 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 852 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3938 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2030 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2740 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 646 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 12613P | Morohashi |
| 3175 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2264 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 639 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 689 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1768 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 547 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3q12.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-12 | SKIP code |
| 3-11-4 | SKIP code |
| 0025.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-43-64 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6469 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1485 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 擦弦楽器 【サツゲンガッキ】 bowed stringed instrument
- 擦文 【サツモン】 brush-mark pattern (scraped into the surface of earthenware with wood)
- 塗擦 【トサツ】 rubbing an ointment into the skin
- 冷水摩擦 【レイスイマサツ】 rubdown with a wet towel, cold-water rubbing
Kun reading compounds
- 擦る 【する】 to rub, to chafe, to strike (match), to file, to frost (glass), to lose (e.g. a match), to forfeit, to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.)
- 擦れる 【すれる】 to rub, to chafe, to wear out, to become worn, to lose one's innocence, to become sly
- 擦る 【こする】 to rub, to scrub, to scrape
- 擦れる 【こすれる】 to be rubbed
Readings
- Korean:
- chal
Spanish
- frotar
- restregar
- rascar
- raspar
Portuguese
- arranhar
- esfregar
- coçar
- escovar
- atritar
- explorar
French
- abrasion
- gratter
- frotter
- râper
- racler
- irriter
- récurer
| 1306 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1955 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2025 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1709 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1386 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2601 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1519 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1620 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1416 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 931 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 971 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 541 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 707 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1113 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 12862 | Morohashi |
| 790 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2306 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1104 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1185 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1870 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1341 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3c14.5 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-14 | SKIP code |
| 5309.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-27-04 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 64e6 | Unicode hex code |