Jisho

×

証

12 strokes
Radical:
speech 言 (訁)
Parts:
一 止 言
Variants:
證
evidence, proof, certificate
Kun:
あかし
On:
ショウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N1
306 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 証 【ショウ】 proof, evidence, certificate, license, permit, membership card, ID card, enlightenment, symptoms (in Chinese medicine), patient's condition
  • 証券 【ショウケン】 bond, bill, certificate, security
  • 査証 【サショウ】 visa, endorsing (e.g. a passport), stamping
  • 偽証 【ギショウ】 false evidence, perjury, false testimony

Kun reading compounds

  • 証 【あかし】 proof, evidence, sign, testimony, testament (to something), vindication, witnessing, testifying, testimony
  • 証として 【あかしとして】 in sign of, in proof of

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
zheng4
Korean:
jeung

Spanish

  • evidencia
  • prueba
  • testimonio
  • certificado

Portuguese

  • evidência
  • prova
  • certificado

French

  • preuve
  • évidence
  • certificat
816 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
737 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
715 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
430 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
4341 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
697 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
1746 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
1660 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
484 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
493 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
666 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1672 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1899 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1010 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1365 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
386 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
35341 Morohashi
1506 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
5589 New Nelson (John Haig)
380 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
406 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
448 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
754 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3073 2001 Kanji
7a5.5 The Kanji Dictionary
1-7-5 SKIP code
0161.1 Four corner code
1-30-58 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
8a3c Unicode hex code

明

8 strokes
Radical:
sun, day 日
Parts:
日 月
Variants:
朙
bright, light
Kun:
あ.かり、 あか.るい、 あか.るむ、 あか.らむ、 あき.らか、 あ.ける、 -あ.け、 あ.く、 あ.くる、 あ.かす
On:
メイ、 ミョウ、 ミン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
67 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 明 【メイ】 brightness, discernment, insight, an eye (for), eyesight, vision, nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
  • 明暗 【メイアン】 light and darkness, light and shade
  • 公明 【コウメイ】 fairness, openness, impartiality, Komeito (Japanese political party)
  • 英明 【エイメイ】 intelligent, wise, bright, brilliant, clear-sighted
  • 明 【ミョウ】 vidya (wisdom), mantra, the coming (July 4, etc.)
  • 明日 【アシタ】 tomorrow, near future
  • 光明 【コウミョウ】 bright light, hope, bright future, light emanating from a buddha or bodhisattva, symbolizing their wisdom and compassion
  • 内明 【ナイミョウ】 adhyatma vidya (one of the five sciences of ancient India), science of spirituality
  • 明 【ミン】 Ming dynasty (of China; 1368-1644)
  • 明楽 【ミンガク】 Ming-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 17th century)
  • 胡志明 【ホーチミン】 Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)

Kun reading compounds

  • 明かり 【あかり】 light, illumination, glow, gleam, lamp, light
  • 明り先 【あかりさき】 source of light
  • 明るい 【あかるい】 light, well-lit, well-lighted, bright (of a colour), brightly-coloured, brightly-colored, cheerful, bright, spirited, sunny (e.g. disposition), encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.), promising, of fair prospects, familiar (with), knowledgeable (about), well versed (in), fair (e.g. politics), clean, impartial
  • 明るむ 【あかるむ】 to brighten, to grow light
  • 明らむ 【あからむ】 to become luminous at dawn (esp. the sky)
  • 明らか 【あきらか】 clear, obvious, evident, plain, definite, bright, light
  • 明らかにする 【あきらかにする】 to make clear, to clarify, to disclose, to make public
  • 開ける 【あける】 to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package), to unlock, to open (for business, etc.), to empty, to remove, to make space, to make room, to move out, to clear out, to be away from (e.g. one's house), to leave (temporarily), to dawn, to grow light, to end (of a period, season), to begin (of the New Year), to leave (one's schedule) open, to make time (for), to make (a hole), to open up (a hole)
  • 開く 【あく】 to open (e.g. doors), to open (e.g. business, etc.), to be empty, to be vacant, to be available, to be free, to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.), to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to come to an end, to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to have a hole, to form a gap, to have an interval (between events)
  • 明くる 【あくる】 next (day, morning, etc.), following
  • 明くる 【あくる】 next (day, morning, etc.), following
  • あくる日 【あくるひ】 next day, following day
  • 明かす 【あかす】 to pass (the night), to spend, to reveal, to divulge, to disclose, to expose, to prove, to verify

Readings

Japanese names:
あきら、 あけ、 あす、 きら、 け、 さや、 さやか、 とし、 はる、 み、 め
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
ming2
Korean:
myeong

Spanish

  • luz
  • brillo
  • claridad
  • listo
  • inteligente
  • claro
  • luminoso
  • iluminar
  • aclarar

Portuguese

  • brilhante
  • luz

French

  • clair
  • lumière
141 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
228 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
208 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
84 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2110 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
58 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
186 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
623 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.9 Japanese for Busy People
18 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
18 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
106 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
984 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1060 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
572 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
756 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
20 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
13805 Morohashi
855 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2435 New Nelson (John Haig)
20 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
20 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
152 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
167 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3846 2001 Kanji
4c4.1 The Kanji Dictionary
1-4-4 SKIP code
6702.0 Four corner code
1-44-32 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
660e Unicode hex code

可

5 strokes
Radical:
mouth, opening 口
Parts:
一 亅 口
can, passable, approval
Kun:
-べ.き、 -べ.し
On:
カ、 コク
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
314 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 可 【カ】 acceptable, satisfactory, allowed, permitted, approval, being in favour, (a) vote in favour, aye, Pass (grade), Fair, C, D
  • 可決 【カケツ】 approval, adoption (of a motion, bill, etc.), passage
  • 裁可 【サイカ】 sanction, approval
  • 不裁可 【フサイカ】 veto, rejection

Readings

Japanese names:
よし
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
ke3, ke4
Korean:
ga, geug

Spanish

  • bueno
  • aprobación
  • posible
  • poder hacer

Portuguese

  • aceitável
  • não deve não
  • faz

French

  • possible
  • acceptable
  • ne doit pas
  • ne pas, négatif
744 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
655 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
816 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
510 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
24 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
253 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
397 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
165 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
388 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
390 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
412 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
314 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
3687 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1882 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
2562 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
94 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
3245 Morohashi
2969 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
701 New Nelson (John Haig)
93 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
97 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
463 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
647 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3149 2001 Kanji
3d2.12 The Kanji Dictionary
3-2-3 SKIP code
1062.0 Four corner code
1-18-36 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
53ef Unicode hex code

能

10 strokes
Radical:
meat 肉 (⺼)
Parts:
匕 厶 月
ability, talent, skill, capacity
Kun:
よ.く、 あた.う
On:
ノウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
273 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 能 【ノウ】 talent, gift, function, noh (theatre)
  • 能楽 【ノウガク】 noh play
  • 有能 【ユウノウ】 able, capable, competent, talented, efficient
  • 芸能 【ゲイノウ】 public entertainment, performing arts, accomplishments, attainments

Kun reading compounds

  • 良く 【よく】 nicely, properly, well, skillfully, skilfully, frequently, often, I'm glad that you ..., thank you for ..., (you have) quite the nerve to, I don't know how you can ...
  • 良く良く 【よくよく】 carefully, closely, very, extremely, exceedingly, have no choice, cannot be helped, unavoidable, inevitable
  • 能う 【あたう】 to be able (to do), to be capable (of doing)
  • 能う限り 【あたうかぎり】 as much as possible, as far as possible, to the best of one's abilities

Readings

Japanese names:
たか、 の、 のり、 よし
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
neng2
Korean:
neung, nae

Spanish

  • habilidad
  • talento
  • capacidad
  • aptitud
  • teatro japonés

Portuguese

  • capacidade
  • talento
  • habilidade

French

  • capacité
  • habileté
  • talent
  • adresse
691 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
787 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
766 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
341 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
853 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
416 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
847 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
1397 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
386 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
387 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
411 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1018 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1676 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
888 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1207 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
2023 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
29454 Morohashi
1323 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
4809 New Nelson (John Haig)
2004 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
2160 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
285 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
718 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
2756 2001 Kanji
4b6.15 The Kanji Dictionary
1-6-4 SKIP code
2121.1 Four corner code
2221.2 Four corner code
1-39-29 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
80fd Unicode hex code

性

8 strokes
Radical:
heart 心 (忄, ⺗)
Parts:
忙 生
sex, gender, nature
Kun:
さが
On:
セイ、 ショウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
104 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 性 【セイ】 nature (of a person), sex, gender, sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.), gender, -ty, -ity, -ness, -cy
  • 性格 【セイカク】 character (of a person), personality, disposition, nature, characteristics, nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
  • 耐性 【タイセイ】 resistance (e.g. to antibiotics), tolerance (e.g. drug tolerance)
  • 社会性 【シャカイセイ】 sociality
  • 性 【ショウ】 nature, disposition, temperament, character, quality, that which does not change according to external influences
  • 性根 【ショウネ】 nature, character, disposition
  • 冷え性 【ヒエショウ】 sensitivity to cold
  • 凝り性 【コリショウ】 tendency to become totally absorbed in something, monomania, perfectionism, fastidiousness, meticulousness, susceptibility for a stiffening of the shoulders

Kun reading compounds

  • 性 【さが】 one's nature, one's destiny, custom, tradition, habit, convention

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
xing4
Korean:
seong

Spanish

  • sexo
  • género
  • naturaleza
  • temperamento

Portuguese

  • sexo
  • gênero
  • natureza

French

  • sexe
  • genre
  • nature
  • propriétés
645 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
745 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
723 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
199 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
1666 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
280 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
535 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
564 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
2.13 Japanese for Busy People
98 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
98 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
421 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
811 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
357 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
222 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
266 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1572 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
10478 Morohashi
299 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1822 New Nelson (John Haig)
1558 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1679 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
119 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
690 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
1172 2001 Kanji
4k5.4 The Kanji Dictionary
1-3-5 SKIP code
1-1-7 SKIP code
9501.0 Four corner code
1-32-13 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
6027 Unicode hex code

論

15 strokes
Radical:
speech 言 (訁)
Parts:
一 ｜ 个 廾 冊 言
argument, discourse
Kun:
あげつら.う
On:
ロン
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N3
227 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 論 【ロン】 argument, discussion, dispute, controversy, discourse, debate, theory (e.g. of evolution), doctrine, essay, treatise, comment
  • 論客 【ロンキャク】 controversialist, polemic, disputant
  • 公論 【コウロン】 public opinion, unbiased criticism, unbiassed criticism
  • 対論 【タイロン】 arguing face to face

Kun reading compounds

  • 論う 【あげつらう】 to discuss, to find fault with, to criticize, to criticise

Readings

Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
lun4, lun2
Korean:
ron, yun

Spanish

  • teoría
  • argumento
  • discurso

Portuguese

  • argumento
  • discurso

French

  • argumentation
  • discours
881 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
1006 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
996 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
267 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
4391 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
406 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
908 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
2320 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
293 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
293 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
496 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1700 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1981 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1058 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
1424 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
1837 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
35658 Morohashi
1574 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
5646 New Nelson (John Haig)
1820 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
1961 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
110 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
989 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3053 2001 Kanji
7a8.13 The Kanji Dictionary
1-7-8 SKIP code
0862.7 Four corner code
1-47-32 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
8ad6 Unicode hex code

理

11 strokes
Radical:
jade (king) 玉 (王)
Parts:
王 里
logic, arrangement, reason, justice, truth
Kun:
ことわり
On:
リ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
86 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers

Speed

Stroke order

On reading compounds

  • 理 【リ】 reason, principle, logic, general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon), the underlying principles of the cosmos (in neo-Confucianism)
  • 理科 【リカ】 science (inc. mathematics, medicine, etc.), natural science, science department (university), science course, science (as a school subject)
  • 合理 【ゴウリ】 rationality
  • 経理 【ケイリ】 accounting, administration (of money)

Kun reading compounds

  • 理 【ことわり】 reason, logic, sense, natural way of things

Readings

Japanese names:
あや、 おさむ、 さと、 さとる、 ただ、 ただし、 とおる、 に、 のり、 ひ、 まこと、 まさ、 まさし、 まろ、 みち、 よし
Mandarin Chinese (pinyin):
li3
Korean:
ri

Spanish

  • lógica
  • razón
  • preparar

Portuguese

  • lógica
  • arranjo
  • razão
  • justiça
  • verdade

French

  • logique
  • principe
  • raison
  • justice
  • vérité
333 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade)
239 A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot)
220 A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall)
95 A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage
2942 Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson)
104 Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill)
217 Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki)
1361 Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill)
3.17 Japanese for Busy People
143 Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
143 Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky)
241 Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono)
1321 Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide
1220 Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
659 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
881 Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern)
271 Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette)
21014 Morohashi
970 New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern)
3644 New Nelson (John Haig)
265 Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig)
283 Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig)
59 The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley)
212 Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask)
3172 2001 Kanji
4f7.1 The Kanji Dictionary
1-4-7 SKIP code
1611.4 Four corner code
1-45-93 JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code
7406 Unicode hex code