| 657 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 758 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 736 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1325 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3243 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 540 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 772 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 850 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 622 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 632 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 824 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1423 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1145 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 617 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 823 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1795 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 24664P | Morohashi |
| 914 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4083 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1779 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1918 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 701 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
ancestor, pioneer, founder
- On:
- ソ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
1226 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 祖 【ソ】 ancestor, forefather, progenitor, originator, pioneer, inventor, founder, grandfather
- 祖国 【ソコク】 homeland, motherland, fatherland, native country
- 元祖 【ガンソ】 originator, pioneer, inventor, founder, progenitor, primogenitor, founder of a family line
- 教祖 【キョウソ】 founder of a religious sect
Readings
- Japanese names:
- い
- Korean:
- jo
Spanish
- antepasado
- pionero
- fundador
Portuguese
- antecessor
- pioneiro
- fundador
French
- ancêtre
- pionnier
- fondateur
| 673 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4e5.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-5 | SKIP code |
| 3721.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-36 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7956 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1458 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 霊 【レイ】 soul, spirit, departed soul, ghost
- 霊園 【レイエン】 (garden) cemetery, park-style cemetery, memorial park
- 心霊 【シンレイ】 spirit (e.g. human spirit), soul, spirit, ghost, ethereal being
- 英霊 【エイレイ】 spirits of war dead, person of great ability, soul of a talented person
- 霊 【リョウ】 vengeful spirit, revengeful ghost
- 霊異 【レイイ】 miracle, wonder, wondrous thing
- 怨霊 【オンリョウ】 revengeful ghost, apparition
- 新精霊 【アラショウリョウ】 spirit of someone on the first Obon after their death
Kun reading compounds
- 魂 【たましい】 soul, spirit
- 魂送り 【たまおくり】 sending off the spirits of the dead
Readings
- Korean:
- ryeong
Spanish
- espíritu
- alma
- dios
Portuguese
- espíritos
- alma
- fantasmas
French
- esprits
- âmes
| 1923 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1361 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5056 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1299 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1891 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2390 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1168 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1225 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1688 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1867 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3480 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1793 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2442 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1808 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 42309P | Morohashi |
| 2805 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6532 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1791 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1930 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1815 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3174 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8d7.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-8-7 | SKIP code |
| 1010.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-78 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 970a | Unicode hex code |