| 2504 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 392 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2135 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1205 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 311 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 199 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 236 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 17212 | Morohashi |
| 266 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3063 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 2296 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 151 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1897 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 沙 【シャ】 one hundred-millionth
- 砂漠 【サバク】 desert
- 流砂 【リュウサ】 quicksand
- 秋沙 【アイサ】 merganser (any duck of genus Mergus)
- 沙 【シャ】 one hundred-millionth
- 砂丘 【サキュウ】 sand dune, sand hill
- 流砂 【リュウサ】 quicksand
- 泥砂 【デイサ】 mud and sand
Kun reading compounds
- 砂 【すな】 sand, grit
- 砂子 【すなご】 gold dust, silver dust, sand, grit
- 白砂 【はくしゃ】 white sand
Readings
- Korean:
- sa
Spanish
- arena
- gravilla
- desierto
Portuguese
French
| 3a4.13 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-4 | SKIP code |
| 3912.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-26-27 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6c99 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1252 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 摩擦 【マサツ】 friction, rubbing, chafing, discord, friction, strife, conflict
- 摩天楼 【マテンロウ】 skyscraper
- 研磨 【ケンマ】 grinding, polishing, refining (a skill, knowledge, etc.), applying oneself (to study), disciplining oneself
- あん摩 【アンマ】 massage (esp. anma, a traditional form of Japanese massage), masseur, masseuse, massager, blind person
Kun reading compounds
- 摩する 【まする】 to rub, to scrub, to scrape, to draw near, to press
- 摩る 【さする】 to rub, to pat, to stroke, to massage
- 擦る 【する】 to rub, to chafe, to strike (match), to file, to frost (glass), to lose (e.g. a match), to forfeit, to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.)
Readings
- Korean:
- ma
Spanish
- roce
- fricción
- caricia
Portuguese
- escoriação
- raspar
- polir
- alcance
- arranhão
French
- irriter
- gratter
- caresser
- frictionner
- polir
- moudre
| 1830 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1074 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5392 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1783 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1380 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2428 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1530 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1631 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1415 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 852 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3938 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2030 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2740 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 646 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 12613P | Morohashi |
| 3175 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2264 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 639 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 689 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1768 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 547 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3q12.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-12 | SKIP code |
| 3-11-4 | SKIP code |
| 0025.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-43-64 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6469 | Unicode hex code |
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 爛柯 【ランカ】 go (board game), being so engrossed in go that one loses track of time, being so engrossed in an activity that one loses track of time
Kun reading compounds
- 柯 【ふる】 handle of an axe, handle of a hatchet
Readings
- Korean:
- ga
Spanish
Portuguese
French
| 2217 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 855 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 14658 | Morohashi |
| 2611 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 4a5.29 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-5 | SKIP code |
| 4192.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-59-41 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 67ef | Unicode hex code |