| 91 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 158 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 141 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 461 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2122 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 162 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 188 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 963 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.20 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 460 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 468 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 96 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 971 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3184 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1644 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2232 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1582 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13844 | Morohashi |
| 2576 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2453 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1568 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1690 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 179 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
579 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 春秋 【シュンジュウ】 spring and autumn, spring and fall, years, age, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Chronicles of Lu, Chunqiu, Ch'un Ch'iu
- 春季 【シュンキ】 spring season
- 昨春 【サクシュン】 last spring, the spring of last year
- 売春 【バイシュン】 prostitution
Kun reading compounds
- 春 【はる】 spring, springtime, New Year, prime (of life), height (of one's prosperity), heyday, adolescence, puberty, sexuality, sexual desire
- 春秋 【しゅんじゅう】 spring and autumn, spring and fall, years, age, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Chronicles of Lu, Chunqiu, Ch'un Ch'iu
- 小春 【こはる】 10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November), late autumn, late fall
- 毎春 【まいしゅん】 every spring
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あずま、 かす、 すの、 ひ、 わら
- Korean:
- chun
Spanish
- primavera
- comienzo del año
- tiempos de juventud
Portuguese
- primaveril
- primavera (estação)
French
- printemps
| 1478 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4c5.13 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-5-4 | SKIP code |
| 4-9-2 | SKIP code |
| 5060.3 | Four corner code |
| 1-29-53 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6625 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
635 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 秋季 【シュウキ】 fall season, autumn season
- 秋風 【アキカゼ】 autumn breeze, fall breeze
- 今秋 【コンシュウ】 this autumn, this fall, autumn of this year
- 中秋 【チュウシュウ】 15th day of the 8th lunar month, eighth month of the lunar calendar
Kun reading compounds
- 秋 【あき】 autumn, fall
- 秋口 【あきぐち】 beginning of autumn, beginning of fall
- 春秋 【しゅんじゅう】 spring and autumn, spring and fall, years, age, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Chronicles of Lu, Chunqiu, Ch'un Ch'iu
- 中秋 【ちゅうしゅう】 15th day of the 8th lunar month, eighth month of the lunar calendar
- 時 【とき】 time, hour, moment, occasion, case, chance, opportunity, season, the times, the age, the day, tense
- 危急存亡の秋 【ききゅうそんぼうのとき】 crisis, critical moment, critical time
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あい
- Korean:
- chu
Spanish
- otoño
Portuguese
- outono
French
- automne
| 89 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 156 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 140 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 540 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3273 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 164 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 233 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 878 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.20 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 462 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 470 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 98 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1431 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1464 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 776 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1054 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 909 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 24940 | Morohashi |
| 1139 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4131 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 900 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 966 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 178 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2262 | 2001 Kanji |
| 5d4.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-4 | SKIP code |
| 2998.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-29-09 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 79cb | Unicode hex code |
navigate, sail, cruise, fly
- On:
- コウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
665 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 航空 【コウクウ】 aviation, flying
- 航海 【コウカイ】 (sea) voyage, navigation, sailing, passage, cruise
- 密航 【ミッコウ】 smuggling (people), stowing away
- 就航 【シュウコウ】 entering service (on a route; of a plane or ship), going into commission, being in service
Readings
- Japanese names:
- わたる
- Korean:
- hang
Spanish
- navegar
- volar
Portuguese
- navegar
- vela
- travessia
- voar (de avião)
French
- naviguer
- faire voile
- croiser (voile)
- voler
| 396 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 505 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 479 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 497 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3867 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 561 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 858 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1136 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 823 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 842 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 649 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1593 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1671 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 885 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1204 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1888 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 30385 | Morohashi |
| 1318 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4933 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1870 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 2014 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 543 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 857 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6c4.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-6-4 | SKIP code |
| 2041.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-50 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 822a | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N4
304 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 空 【クウ】 empty air, sky, shunyata (the lack of an immutable intrinsic nature within any phenomenon), emptiness, air force, fruitlessness, meaninglessness, void (one of the five elements), empty (e.g. set)
- 空域 【クウイキ】 airspace
- 領空 【リョウクウ】 territorial airspace
- 防空 【ボウクウ】 air defense, air defence
Kun reading compounds
- 空 【そら】 sky, the air, the heavens, weather, far-off place, distant place, state of mind, feeling, (from) memory, (by) heart, falsehood, lie, somehow, vaguely, fake
- 空模様 【そらもよう】 look of the sky, weather
- 定めなき空 【さだめなきそら】 changeable weather
- 晴れた空 【はれたそら】 clear sky, cloudless sky
- 開く 【あく】 to open (e.g. doors), to open (e.g. business, etc.), to be empty, to be vacant, to be available, to be free, to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.), to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to come to an end, to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to have a hole, to form a gap, to have an interval (between events)
- 空き 【あき】 space, room, gap, emptiness, vacancy, opening, empty seat, free time, time to spare, disuse, unused thing
- 空き缶 【あきかん】 empty can
- 開ける 【あける】 to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package), to unlock, to open (for business, etc.), to empty, to remove, to make space, to make room, to move out, to clear out, to be away from (e.g. one's house), to leave (temporarily), to dawn, to grow light, to end (of a period, season), to begin (of the New Year), to leave (one's schedule) open, to make time (for), to make (a hole), to open up (a hole)
- 空 【から】 emptiness, being empty, not carrying anything, unburdened, empty-handed, dishonoured (bill, promise, etc.), false, no-show (reservation), put-on (cheeriness, courage, etc.), empty (compliments), insincere
- 空手 【からて】 karate, being empty-handed, having nothing in one's hands
- もぬけの殻 【もぬけのから】 completely empty (of a residence, etc.), vacant, deserted, body from which the soul has left, corpse, shed skin (of a snake, insect, etc.)
- 空く 【すく】 to become less crowded, to thin out, to get empty, to be hungry
- 空かす 【すかす】 to feel hungry, to get hungry
- 虚しい 【むなしい】 empty, void, vacant, vain, fruitless, futile, ineffective, lifeless
Readings
- Japanese names:
- うつ、 き、 く
- Korean:
- gong
Spanish
- cielo
- atmósfera
- vacío
- vacante
- quedarse vacío
- vaciar
Portuguese
- esvaziar
- ceú
- desocupado
- vazio
- vácuo
French
- vide
- ciel
- vacant
- creux
| 65 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 66 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 15 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 233 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3317 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 184 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 77 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 723 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.17 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 140 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 140 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 461 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1452 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2767 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1418 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1913 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1327 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 25415 | Morohashi |
| 2227 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4192 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1317 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1414 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 304 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 73 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 772 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3m5.12 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-5 | SKIP code |
| 2-5-3 | SKIP code |
| 3010.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-85 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7a7a | Unicode hex code |