| 1033 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 587 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1885 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1632 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 563 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 587 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 986 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1021 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 256 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 868 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 371 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 234 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 278 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1123 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 11929 | Morohashi |
| 314 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2128 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1114 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1195 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1175 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
push, stop, check, subdue, attach, seize, weight, shove, press, seal, do in spite of
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N3
789 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 押収 【オウシュウ】 seizure, confiscation
- 押印 【オウイン】 affixing a seal (to), putting one's seal (on)
- 花押 【カオウ】 written seal, stylized signature
Kun reading compounds
- 押す 【おす】 to push, to thrust, to shove, to press (down), to push (e.g. a button), to exert pressure on, to stamp (e.g. one's name), to affix (a seal), to affix (e.g. gold leaf), to push (someone for something), to press, to put pressure on (someone), to overwhelm, to overpower, to put (someone) under pressure, to be superior to, to push ahead (with a policy, plan, etc.), to proceed, to stick to, to do ... in spite of ..., to defy, to brave, to push aside, to make sure, to fall behind schedule
- 押忍 【おっす】 hi!, yo!, hey man!, hey dude!, yessir!, understood!
- 押さえる 【おさえる】 to pin down, to hold down, to press down, to hold in place, to hold steady, to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand), to clutch (a body part in pain), to press (a body part), to get a hold of, to obtain, to seize, to catch, to arrest, to grasp (a point), to comprehend, to quell, to subdue, to suppress, to repress, to hold back, to check, to curb, to contain
- 押さえる 【おさえる】 to pin down, to hold down, to press down, to hold in place, to hold steady, to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand), to clutch (a body part in pain), to press (a body part), to get a hold of, to obtain, to seize, to catch, to arrest, to grasp (a point), to comprehend, to quell, to subdue, to suppress, to repress, to hold back, to check, to curb, to contain
Readings
- Japanese names:
- おし、 おす、 おや
- Korean:
- ab, gab
Spanish
- empujar
- presionar
- forzar
- contener
- reprimir
- suprimir
Portuguese
- empurrar
- parada
- checar
- subjugar
- anexar
- prender
- peso
- imprensa
- carimbo
- fazer apesar de
French
- appuyer
- pousser
- arrêter
- contrôler
- soumettre
- attacher
- saisir
- maintenir
- sceau
- presser
- faire en dépit de
| 1355 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3c5.5 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-5 | SKIP code |
| 5605.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-18-01 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 62bc | Unicode hex code |
incur, cover, veil, brood over, shelter, wear, put on, be exposed (film), receiving
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N2
431 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 被 【ヒ】 indicates the target of an activity, -ee (e.g. employee, examinee, trustee)
- 被害 【ヒガイ】 (suffering) damage, injury, harm
- 外被 【ガイヒ】 (protective) coat, casing, housing, jacket
- 花被 【カヒ】 perianth, floral envelope
Kun reading compounds
- 被る 【こうむる】 to suffer, to receive (kindness, rebuke, support), to sustain (damage)
- 覆う 【おおう】 to cover, to hide, to conceal, to wrap, to disguise
- 被る 【かぶる】 to put on (one's head), to wear, to have on, to pull over (one's head), to crown (oneself), to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.), to pour (water, etc.) on oneself, to dash on oneself, to ship water, to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.), to take (blame), to assume (responsibility), to shoulder (burden), to overlap (e.g. sound or color), to be similar, to be redundant, to be fogged (due to overexposure, etc.), to close, to come to an end, to get a full house, to sell out, to blunder, to bungle, to fail, to be deceived
- 被せる 【かぶせる】 to cover (with something), to put on (e.g. someone's head), to pour liquid (on something), to dash liquid (over something), to plate (something) with metal, to cover (with a dental crown), to add (e.g. music to a video), to include (into something), to speak (over someone else), to put the blame (on someone), to place the responsibility (on someone)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ぎぬ
- Korean:
- pi
Spanish
- sufrir perdidas
- recibir
- cargarse
Portuguese
- incorrer
- cobrir
- velar
- chocar
- proteger
- vestir
- vestir- se
- expor (filme)
- recepção
French
- subir
- couvrir
- voile
- ruminer (soucis)
- abri
- mettre (vêtement)
- porter (sur la tête)
- être exposé (film)
- victime
- souffrir
| 1729 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 852 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4225 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1410 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 881 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 976 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1009 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1145 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1631 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1495 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 790 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1077 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 815 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 34222 | Morohashi |
| 1163 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5445 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 807 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 870 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1390 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 667 | 2001 Kanji |
| 5e5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-5 | SKIP code |
| 3424.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-40-79 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 88ab | Unicode hex code |
severance, decline, refuse, apologize, warn, dismiss, prohibit, decision, judgement, cutting
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
338 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 断 【ダン】 decision, judgment, resolution
- 断言 【ダンゲン】 assertion, declaration, affirmation
- 独断 【ドクダン】 one's own judgement (judgment), decision made without consulting others, arbitrary decision, dogmatism
- 縦断 【ジュウダン】 running through (north-south), cutting across, travelling across, cutting vertically, sectioning longitudinally
Kun reading compounds
- 断つ 【たつ】 to sever, to cut off, to suppress, to eradicate, to exterminate, to abstain (from), to give up
- 断る 【ことわる】 to refuse, to reject, to dismiss, to turn down, to decline, to inform, to give notice, to tell in advance, to ask leave, to excuse oneself (from)
- 断るまでもなく 【ことわるまでもなく】 needless to say
Readings
- Korean:
- dan
Spanish
- cortar
- interrumpir
- rehusar
- declinar
- rechazar
Portuguese
- desligamento
- decadência
- recusa
- pedir desculpas
- avisar
- despedir
- proíbir
- decisão
- julgamento
- incisivo
French
- refus
- décliner
- rupture
- excuses
- prévenir
- rejeter
- interdire
- décision
- jugement
- trancher
| 841 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 773 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 750 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 493 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2078 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 606 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 594 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1669 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1024 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1063 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 900 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 955 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1885 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1001 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1355 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1145 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13557 | Morohashi |
| 1492 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2385 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1136 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1218 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 426 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 743 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1254 | 2001 Kanji |
| 6b5.6 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-7-4 | SKIP code |
| 2272.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-35-39 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 65ad | Unicode hex code |
stratum, social class, layer, story, floor
- On:
- ソウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N2
801 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 層 【ソウ】 layer, stratum, seam, bed, class, stratum, bracket, group, sheaf, counter for stories (of a building)
- 層群 【ソウグン】 (geol) group
- 重層 【ジュウソウ】 multistoried, multilayered
- 高層 【コウソウ】 high-rise (building), multistory, multistoried, tall, high (altitude), upper (atmosphere, air current, etc.)
Readings
- Korean:
- cheung
Spanish
- estrato
- nivel
Portuguese
- estrato
- classe social
- camada
- estória
- andar
French
- strate
- classe sociale
- couche
- étage
| 934 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 921 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 893 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1402 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1183 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 486 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1367 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1454 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1725 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 533 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3920 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2021 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2728 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1074 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 7798X | Morohashi |
| 3161 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1432 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1065 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1146 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 977 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3778 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3r11.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-11 | SKIP code |
| 7726.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-56 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5c64 | Unicode hex code |