| 535 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 634 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 604 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 607 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 642 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 792 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 348 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 349 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 832 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 851 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 662 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 166 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 88 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 57 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 61 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1416 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1622 | Morohashi |
| 80 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 419 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1404 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1506 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 493 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
667 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 冷 【レイ】 refrigerator, cold, cool, cold sake
- 冷夏 【レイカ】 cool summer, cold summer, cooler-than-normal summer
- 寒冷 【カンレイ】 cold, coldness, chilliness
- 空冷 【クウレイ】 air cooling
Kun reading compounds
- 冷たい 【つめたい】 cold (to the touch), chilly, icy, freezing, (emotionally) cold, coldhearted, unfeeling, indifferent, unfriendly, distant
- 冷たい暗黒物質 【つめたいあんこくぶっしつ】 cold dark matter
- 冷える 【ひえる】 to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator), to get chilly, to cool down
- 冷や 【ひや】 cold water, cold sake, cold, cool, chilled, unheated
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- お冷 【おひや】 cold (drinking) water, (glass of) cold water, cold boiled rice
- 冷ややか 【ひややか】 cold, chilly, cool, cold (attitude, stare, etc.), frigid, indifferent, distant, surly, curt, composed, cool, calm
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- 冷やかす 【ひやかす】 to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate, to window-shop, to look at without buying
- 冷める 【さめる】 to cool down, to get cold, to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.), to subside, to dampen, to fade, to wane, to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.), to be composed
- 冷ます 【さます】 to cool (e.g. from a high temperature to room temperature), to let cool, to dampen, to throw a damper on, to spoil
Readings
- Korean:
- raeng
Spanish
- frío
- enfriar
- enfriarse
- helarse
- helar
Portuguese
- fresco
- frio (cerveja
- pessoa)
- calafrio
French
- froid
- fraîche (bière)
- froide (personne)
- refroidir
| 344 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2b5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-5 | SKIP code |
| 3812.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-68 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 51b7 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1596 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 酷 【コク】 severe, harsh, stringent, rigorous, strict, unfair
- 酷似 【コクジ】 resembling closely, being strikingly similar, bearing a strong likeness
- 残忍冷酷 【ザンニンレイコク】 atrocious and cold-blooded, cruel, brutal, merciless
- 厳酷 【ゲンコク】 severity, rigor, rigour
Kun reading compounds
- 酷い 【ひどい】 cruel, heartless, hard, harsh, severe, violent, intense, strong, heavy, extreme, very bad, terrible, awful, excessive, exorbitant, unreasonable, outrageous, unfair, unjust
- ひどい風邪 【ひどいかぜ】 bad cold
Readings
- Korean:
- hog
Spanish
- severidad
- crueldad
- atrocidad
- injusticia
Portuguese
- injusto
- cruel
- severo
French
- cruel
- atroce
- sévère
- injuste
| 1273 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1702 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4788 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1591 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1837 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1711 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1828 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1596 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1796 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1967 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1048 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1414 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1443 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 39870P | Morohashi |
| 1562 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6176 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1431 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1539 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1735 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3277 | 2001 Kanji |
| 7e7.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-7-7 | SKIP code |
| 1466.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-83 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9177 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
274 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 無 【ム】 nothing, naught, nought, nil, zero, un-, non-
- 無意識 【ムイシキ】 unconsciousness, unconscious, involuntary, automatic, mechanical, unintentional, spontaneous, the unconscious
- 皆無 【カイム】 nonexistent, nil, none, nothing (at all), bugger-all
- 虚無 【キョム】 nihility, nothingness
- 無 【ブ】 un-, non-, bad ..., poor ...
- 不気味 【ブキミ】 weird, eerie, ominous, creepy, uncanny, unearthly
Kun reading compounds
- 無い 【ない】 nonexistent, not being (there), unowned, not had, unpossessed, unique, not, impossible, won't happen, not, to not be, to have not
- 【ないといけない】 have to (verb), must (verb), is indispensable, absolutely necessary
- 苦無 【くない】 ninja throwing knives, mediaeval farming tool for digging, prying, etc.
Readings
- Korean:
- mu
Spanish
- nada
- inexistente
- prefijo negativo
- no hay
Portuguese
- Sem valor
- nada
- não sou/ estou
- nihil
- não
French
- néant
- rien
- ne pas
- non
- in-
- négatif
| 723 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 620 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 796 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 227 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2773 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 386 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 715 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1789 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 93 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 93 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 400 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1280 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2648 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1351 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1832 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1791 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 19113 | Morohashi |
| 2135 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 3439 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1775 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1913 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 179 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 600 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2340 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4d8.8 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-10 | SKIP code |
| 2-8-4 | SKIP code |
| 8033.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-44-21 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7121 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
235 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 情 【ジョウ】 feelings, emotion, sentiment, compassion, sympathy, passion, affection, love, the way things really are, the actual situation
- 情感 【ジョウカン】 feeling, sensitivity, emotion
- 風情 【フゼイ】 taste, elegance, charm, appearance, air, the likes of ..., lowly people such as ...
- 内情 【ナイジョウ】 internal conditions, true state of affairs
- 傾城 【ケイセイ】 beauty, siren, courtesan, prostitute
Kun reading compounds
- 情け 【なさけ】 pity, sympathy, compassion, mercy, affection, love
- 情けない 【なさけない】 miserable, pitiable, shameful, deplorable, pathetic
- 恋情 【れんじょう】 love, attachment, lovesickness
- 裏情 【うらなさけ】 inner affection
Readings
- Korean:
- jeong
Spanish
- sentimientos
- emoción
- simpatía
Portuguese
- sentimentos
- emoção
- paixão
- simpatia
- circunstâncias
- fatos
French
- sentiments
- émotion
- passion
- compassion
- circonstances
- faits
| 643 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 741 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 719 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 286 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1714 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 334 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 543 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 209 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 209 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 654 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 819 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 583 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 353 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 439 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1551 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 10756P | Morohashi |
| 482 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1898 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1537 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1657 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 183 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 738 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1146 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4k8.9 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-8 | SKIP code |
| 1-1-10 | SKIP code |
| 9502.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-30-80 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 60c5 | Unicode hex code |