| 535 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 634 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 604 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 607 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 642 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 792 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 348 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 349 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 832 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 851 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 662 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 166 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 88 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 57 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 61 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1416 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1622 | Morohashi |
| 80 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 419 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1404 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1506 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 493 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
667 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 冷 【レイ】 refrigerator, cold, cool, cold sake
- 冷夏 【レイカ】 cool summer, cold summer, cooler-than-normal summer
- 寒冷 【カンレイ】 cold, coldness, chilliness
- 空冷 【クウレイ】 air cooling
Kun reading compounds
- 冷たい 【つめたい】 cold (to the touch), chilly, icy, freezing, (emotionally) cold, coldhearted, unfeeling, indifferent, unfriendly, distant
- 冷たい暗黒物質 【つめたいあんこくぶっしつ】 cold dark matter
- 冷える 【ひえる】 to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator), to get chilly, to cool down
- 冷や 【ひや】 cold water, cold sake, cold, cool, chilled, unheated
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- お冷 【おひや】 cold (drinking) water, (glass of) cold water, cold boiled rice
- 冷ややか 【ひややか】 cold, chilly, cool, cold (attitude, stare, etc.), frigid, indifferent, distant, surly, curt, composed, cool, calm
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- 冷やかす 【ひやかす】 to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate, to window-shop, to look at without buying
- 冷める 【さめる】 to cool down, to get cold, to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.), to subside, to dampen, to fade, to wane, to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.), to be composed
- 冷ます 【さます】 to cool (e.g. from a high temperature to room temperature), to let cool, to dampen, to throw a damper on, to spoil
Readings
- Korean:
- raeng
Spanish
- frío
- enfriar
- enfriarse
- helarse
- helar
Portuguese
- fresco
- frio (cerveja
- pessoa)
- calafrio
French
- froid
- fraîche (bière)
- froide (personne)
- refroidir
| 344 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2b5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-5 | SKIP code |
| 3812.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-68 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 51b7 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
959 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 焼却 【ショウキャク】 incineration, destroy by fire
- 償却 【ショウキャク】 repayment, redemption, depreciation, amortization, amortisation
Kun reading compounds
- 却って 【かえって】 on the contrary, rather, instead, all the more
- 退ける 【しりぞける】 to refuse, to reject, to turn down, to dismiss, to repel, to repulse, to drive away, to beat off, to defeat, to make (someone) leave, to send away, to turn away, to force (someone) to leave their post, to oust, to remove, to expel
Readings
- Korean:
- gag
Spanish
- retirarse
- echarse atrás
- rechazar
Portuguese
- ao invés
- ao contrário
- melhor
French
- au lieu de
- au contraire
- plutôt
| 1145 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1252 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 808 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1680 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1114 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1783 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1915 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1616 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 252 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1436 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 761 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1034 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1407 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 2856 | Morohashi |
| 1118 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 631 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1395 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1497 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1101 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1444 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2e5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-2 | SKIP code |
| 4772.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-21-49 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5374 | Unicode hex code |
pagoda, tower, steeple
- On:
- トウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N2
1708 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 塔 【トウ】 tower, steeple, spire, stupa, pagoda, dagoba
- 塔跡 【トウアト】 ruins of a tower
- バベルの塔 【バベルノトウ】 Tower of Babel
- 鉄塔 【テットウ】 steel tower, electricity pylon, transmission tower
Readings
- Korean:
- tab
Spanish
- pagoda
- torre
- capitel
Portuguese
- pagode
- torre
- campanário
French
- pagode
- tour
- clocher
| 1651 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1516 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1109 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1570 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 437 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1558 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1840 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1991 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1438 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 383 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 683 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 411 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 517 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 260 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 5332X | Morohashi |
| 561 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1052 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 254 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 270 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1517 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1477 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3b9.9 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-9 | SKIP code |
| 4416.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-37-67 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5854 | Unicode hex code |