| 312 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 406 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 383 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 473 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4488 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 503 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 918 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 981 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 510 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 519 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 717 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1722 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2594 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1327 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1799 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 63 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 36660X | Morohashi |
| 2091 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 5769 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 63 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 67 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 346 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
443 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 負 【フ】 negative, minus
- 負荷 【フカ】 burden, load (electrical, CPU, etc.)
- 正負 【セイフ】 positive and negative, +-, plus and minus
- 非負 【ヒフ】 non-negative
Kun reading compounds
- 負ける 【まける】 to lose, to be defeated, to succumb, to give in, to surrender, to yield, to be inferior to, to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.), to reduce the price, to give a discount, to throw in (something extra) for free
- 負けるが勝ち 【まけるがかち】 he that fights and runs away may live to fight another day, sometimes you have to lose to win, losing is winning
- 負かす 【まかす】 to defeat
- 負う 【おう】 to carry on one's back, to bear, to shoulder, to take (responsibility), to assume, to accept, to bear (the blame, costs, etc.), to have (a duty, obligation, etc.), to become responsible for, to be burdened with (work, debt, etc.), to suffer (an injury), to sustain (a wound), to receive, to incur (a loss, damage, etc.), to owe (a debt of gratitude to), to be indebted to, to have (something) behind one, to be backed by
- 負うた子に教えられて浅瀬を渡る 【おうたこにおしえられてあさせをわたる】 some things can be learned from the young, a fool may give a wise man counsel, to be led across the shallows by the child on one's shoulders
Readings
- Korean:
- bu
Spanish
- llevar
- tomar a su cargo
- deber
- ser derrotado
- llevarse la victoria
Portuguese
- derrotar
- negativa
- menos
- carregar
- dever a
- assumir uma responsabilidade
French
- défaite
- perdre
- moins
- négatif
- assumer
- porter sur le dos
- devoir à quelqu'un
- faire un rabais
| 2561 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2n7.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-7 | SKIP code |
| 2-7-2 | SKIP code |
| 2780.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-41-73 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 8ca0 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
30 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 連 【レン】 two reams (of paper), 1000 sheets (of paper), stanza, verse, tribe (in taxonomy), forecast (bet), bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet), party, company, group, set, things strung in a line, e.g. pearls, dried fish, spans of a bridge, etc., falcon
- 連関 【レンカン】 connection, relation, linkage
- 労連 【ロウレン】 labour union, labor union
- 常連 【ジョウレン】 regular customer, regular patron, regular visitor, frequenter, constant companion
Kun reading compounds
- 連なる 【つらなる】 to extend, to stretch out, to stand in a row, to attend, to participate in, to enrol, to enroll, to join, to have a connection, to be related, to be linked
- 連ねる 【つらねる】 to line up, to put in a row, to add (to a group), to accept (as a member of an organization, etc.), to join (e.g. a list), to link, to put together, to string together (e.g. compliments), to enumerate, to take along with, to bring with
- 連れる 【つれる】 to take (someone) with one, to bring along, to go with, to be accompanied by
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ずれ、 つれ、 むらじ、 れ
- Korean:
- ryeon
Spanish
- unir
- acompañar
- estar junto
- grupo
- agrupar
Portuguese
- Levar pelo caminho
- primazia
- unir
- conectar
- partido
- gangue
- grupo
French
- emmener
- se mettre en rang
- s'unir
- série
- parti
- bande
- clique
| 538 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 637 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 607 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 87 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4702 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 383 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 960 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1238 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 440 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 446 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 299 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 699 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3849 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1976 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2672 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 293 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 38902P | Morohashi |
| 3103 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6062 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 287 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 305 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 101 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 560 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1555 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2q7.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-7 | SKIP code |
| 3530.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-47-02 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9023 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1250 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 鎖国 【サコク】 national isolation, closing the country (to foreigners), sakoku, policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
- 鎖骨 【サコツ】 collarbone, clavicle
- 経済封鎖 【ケイザイフウサ】 economic blockade, embargo
- 学級閉鎖 【ガッキュウヘイサ】 temporary closing of classes
Kun reading compounds
- 鎖 【くさり】 chain, chains
- 鎖編み 【くさりあみ】 chain stitch
- 救命の鎖 【きゅうめいのくさり】 chain of survival
- 人間の鎖 【にんげんのくさり】 human chain (chain of people holding hands, usually in protest)
- 閉ざす 【とざす】 to shut, to close, to fasten, to lock, to block (a street, entrance, etc.), to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.), to shut off, to cut off, to cover (e.g. in darkness), to consume (with negative feelings), to fill (e.g. with sadness), to bury (e.g. in grief)
Readings
- Korean:
- swae
Spanish
- conexión
- cerrar
- cadena
Portuguese
- cadeias
- ferros
- conexão
French
- chaîne
- fers
- liens
| 1286 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1605 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4901 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1698 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1856 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1819 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1968 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1338 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1832 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2213 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1156 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1573 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1956 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 40708P | Morohashi |
| 1761 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6325 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1937 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 2087 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1908 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2861 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8a10.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-8-10 | SKIP code |
| 8918.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-26-31 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 9396 | Unicode hex code |