| 402 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 510 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 484 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 121 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2146 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 291 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 612 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1742 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 263 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 263 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 439 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1000 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3120 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1599 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2181 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 829 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 14301 | Morohashi |
| 2472 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2492 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 821 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 884 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 99 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 587 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
82 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 最 【サイ】 the most, the extreme, prime, conspicuous
- 最悪 【サイアク】 worst, horrible, horrid, awful, terrible, in the worst case, if worst comes to worst
Kun reading compounds
- 最も 【もっとも】 most, extremely
- 最も近い共通祖先 【もっともちかいきょうつうそせん】 most recent common ancestor
Readings
- Japanese names:
- も
- Korean:
- choe
Spanish
- prefijo para superlativo
- más
- sumamente
- extremadamente
Portuguese
- Capacidade máxima
- maior
- extremo
French
- le plus
- ultra-
- extrême
| 3867 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4c8.10 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-4-8 | SKIP code |
| 6014.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-26-39 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6700 | Unicode hex code |
above, up
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N5
35 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 上 【ジョウ】 from the standpoint of, from the viewpoint of, with respect to, in terms of, as a matter of, in view of, so far as ... is concerned, on, above, on top of, aboard (a ship or vehicle), the best, top, first class, first grade, first volume (of a two or three-volume set), first book, with my compliments
- 上位 【ジョウイ】 superior (in rank), top, ranking, higher order (e.g. byte), host computer (of connected device)
- 口上 【コウジョウ】 vocal message, speech, statement, prologue at the start of a kabuki performance
- 水上 【スイジョウ】 on the water, aquatic, waterside, water's edge
- 上人 【ショウニン】 holy priest, saint
- 上下 【ショウカ】 top and bottom, up and down, high and low, above and below, upper and lower ends, upper and lower classes, ruler and ruled, the government and the people
- 呈上 【テイジョウ】 giving, gifting, presenting
- 主上 【シュジョウ】 emperor
- 上海 【シャンハイ】 Shanghai (China)
- 上湯 【シャンタン】 top-grade Chinese soup stock
Kun reading compounds
- 上 【うえ】 above, over, up, top, summit, upper part, head (e.g. of a staircase), surface, on (top of), the above (in a piece of writing), earlier part, superior, better, higher (position, rank, etc.), upper (class), elder, older, senior, with respect to ..., in terms of, as far as ... is concerned, when (e.g. drunk), besides ..., in addition to ..., on top of ..., as well as ..., after ..., upon ..., on ..., with (e.g. full awareness), as a result of ..., since ..., now that ..., because ..., honorable, venerable, dear, emperor, sovereign, shogun, daimyo
- 上向き 【うわむき】 pointing up, pointing upward, upturn, uptrend, upward tendency
- 床上 【ゆかうえ】 on a floor, above floor level
- 一枚上 【いちまいうえ】 one step higher, one better, cut above, one up
- 上 【かみ】 upper reaches (of a river), upper stream, top, upper part, upper half (of the body), long ago, beginning, first, person of high rank (e.g. the emperor), government, imperial court, imperial capital (i.e. Kyoto), capital region (i.e. Kansai), region (or direction of) the imperial palace, head (of a table), wife, mistress (of a restaurant)
- 上期 【かみき】 first half of the (fiscal) year
- 風上 【かざかみ】 windward, upwind
- 御上 【おかみ】 the Emperor, His Majesty, the government, the authorities, proprietress, hostess, landlady, mistress, your wife, his wife, (one's) master, lord
- 上げる 【あげる】 to raise, to elevate, to do up (one's hair), to fly (a kite, etc.), to launch (fireworks, etc.), to surface (a submarine, etc.), to land (a boat), to deep-fry, to show someone (into a room), to give, to send someone (away), to enrol (one's child in school), to enroll, to increase (price, quality, status, etc.), to develop (talent, skill), to improve, to make (a loud sound), to raise (one's voice), to earn (something desirable), to praise, to give (an example, etc.), to cite, to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.), to arrest, to nominate, to summon (for geishas, etc.), to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.), to bear (a child), to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding), (of the tide) to come in, to vomit, to do for (the sake of someone else), to complete ..., to humbly do ...
- 上がる 【あがる】 to rise, to go up, to come up, to ascend, to be raised, to enter (esp. from outdoors), to come in, to go in, to enter (a school), to advance to the next grade, to get out (of water), to come ashore, to increase, to improve, to make progress, to be promoted, to advance, to be made (of profit, etc.), to occur (esp. of a favourable result), to be adequate (to cover expenses, etc.), to be finished, to be done, to be over, to stop (of rain), to lift, to stop (working properly), to cut out, to give out, to die, to win (in a card game, etc.), to be arrested, to turn up (of evidence, etc.), to be deep fried, to be spoken loudly, to get nervous, to get stage fright, to be offered (to the gods, etc.), to go, to visit, to eat, to drink, to be listed (as a candidate), to serve (in one's master's home), to be complete, to finish, above, north of
- 上がり 【あがり】 rise, increase, ascent, income, takings, earnings, proceeds, (crop) yield, return, profit, completion, end, finish, end result (e.g. of crafts), how something comes out, finish, finishing (in a board or card game, etc.), green tea (esp. in a sushi restaurant), after (rain, illness, etc.), ex- (e.g. ex-bureaucrat), former
- 上がり下り 【あがりおり】 going up and down, ascent and descent
- 芸者上がり 【げいしゃあがり】 ex-geisha, former geisha
- 上る 【のぼる】 to ascend, to go up, to climb, to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun), to rise, to go to (the capital), to be promoted, to add up to, to advance (in price), to swim up (a river), to sail up, to come up (on the agenda)
- 上り 【のぼり】 ascent, climbing, ascending (path), climb, up-train, train heading toward the starting point of its route, upbound (esp. toward Tokyo), upstream, uphill
- 上り下り 【のぼりくだり】 going up and down, ascent and descent, climb and descent
- 逆上せる 【のぼせる】 to feel dizzy, to have blood rush to one's head, to lose one's cool, to be obsessed, to be infatuated, to become conceited
- 上せる 【のぼせる】 to raise, to record, to bring up (a matter), to serve (food), to send some on out
- 上す 【のぼす】 to raise, to record, to bring up (a matter), to serve (food), to send someone out
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あおい、 あげ、 い、 か、 かき、 かず、 かん、 こう、 のぼり、 ほつ
- Korean:
- sang
Spanish
- arriba
- encima
- parte superior
- cima
- superficie
Portuguese
- acima
- para cima
- sobre
- subir
- galgar
- em cima
- escalar
French
- au-dessus
- haut
- monter
- donner (je te donne)
| 20 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 23 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 37 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 21 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 798 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 29 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 5 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 47 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.14 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 32 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 32 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 31 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 6 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4212 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2128 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2876 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 49 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13 | Morohashi |
| 3404 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 10 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 49 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 50 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 29 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 12 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1272 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2m1.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-3-2 | SKIP code |
| 2110.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-30-69 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 4e0a | Unicode hex code |
benevolence, virtue, goodness, commanding respect
- On:
- トク
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N1
1091 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 徳 【トク】 virtue, benevolence, profit, benefit, advantage
- 徳義 【トクギ】 morals, morality, sincerity
- 高徳 【コウトク】 eminent virtue
- 大徳 【ダイトク】 great virtue, virtuous priest, priest, rich person
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あつ、 なる、 のり、 ゆき、 よし
- Korean:
- deog
Spanish
- benevolencia
- virtud
- moralidad
- beneficioso
- rentable
Portuguese
- benevolência
- virtude
- bondade
- comandando respeito
French
- bienveillance
- vertu
- bonté
- respectable
| 851 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 783 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 762 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 839 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1633 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 592 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1284 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2063 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1038 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1079 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 644 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 637 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 842 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 486 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 623 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 894 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 10237P | Morohashi |
| 684 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1767 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 885 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 950 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 801 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2058 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3i11.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-11 | SKIP code |
| 2423.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-38-33 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5fb3 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N3
44 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 内 【ナイ】 within ..., inside ...
- 内科 【ナイカ】 internal medicine, department of internal medicine
- 党内 【トウナイ】 party-internal, within the party
- 校内 【コウナイ】 within a school
- 内裏 【ダイリ】 imperial palace, festival dolls representing the emperor and the empress
- 内府 【ナイフ】 Minister of the Interior (669-1868), Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1885-1945)
- 境内 【ケイダイ】 grounds (esp. of shrines and temples), compound, churchyard, precincts
- 海内 【カイダイ】 the whole country
Kun reading compounds
- 内 【うち】 inside, within, while (e.g. one is young), during, within (e.g. a day), in the course of, among, amongst, (out) of, between, in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.), amidst, with (e.g. success), within oneself, one's feelings, inner thoughts, we, our company, our organization, one's home, one's family, my spouse, my husband, my wife, signed on behalf of (husband's name) by his wife, I, me, imperial palace grounds, emperor
- 内々 【うちうち】 private, confidential, informal, secret, (within the) family circle, (on the) inside
- 幕内 【まくうち】 makuuchi, top division (of professional sumo)
- お家 【おうち】 your home, your family, their home, their family, (my) home
Readings
- Japanese names:
- いと、 ただ、 ち、 のち
- Korean:
- nae, nab
Spanish
- interior
- dentro de
- privado
Portuguese
- interior
- dentro
- entre
- dentre
- casa
French
- intérieur
- dedans
- entre
- parmi
- maison
| 489 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 207 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 364 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 51 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 82 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 132 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 345 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 81 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.4 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 84 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 84 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 152 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 160 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4277 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2162 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2914 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1028 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1512 | Morohashi |
| 3466 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 386 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1019 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1095 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 77 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 99 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1653 | 2001 Kanji |
| 0a4.23 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-4-4 | SKIP code |
| 4022.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-38-66 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5185 | Unicode hex code |