| 778 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 694 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 668 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 455 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 2044 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 707 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 587 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 880 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 173 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 173 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 722 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 936 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1466 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 778 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1056 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 339 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 13161 | Morohashi |
| 1141 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2334 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 333 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 355 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 697 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
happenstance, especially, intentionally, reason, cause, circumstances, the late, therefore, consequently
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N1
612 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 故 【コ】 the late, the deceased
- 殊更 【コトサラ】 intentionally, deliberately, designedly, on purpose, especially, particularly
- 物故 【ブッコ】 death (of a person)
- 人身事故 【ジンシンジコ】 accident resulting in personal injury or death (esp. traffic, rail, etc.)
Kun reading compounds
- 故 【ゆえ】 reason, cause, circumstances
- 故に 【ゆえに】 therefore, consequently
- 何故 【なにゆえ】 why
- 古い 【ふるい】 old, aged, ancient, antiquated, antique, timeworn, long, since long ago, time-honored, of the distant past, long-ago, stale, threadbare, hackneyed, corny, old-fashioned, outmoded, out-of-date
- 元 【もと】 former, ex-, past, one-time, earlier times, the past, previous state, formerly, previously, originally, before
Readings
- Korean:
- go
Spanish
- antiguo
- intencionadamente
- excepcional
- razón
- difunto
- causa
- circunstancias
Portuguese
- casualidade
- especialmente
- intencionalmente
- razão
- causa
- circunstâncias
- portanto
- consequentemente
French
- coïncidence
- spécialement
- intentionnellement
- raison
- cause
- circonstances
- destin
- feu ... (défunt)
- c'est pour ça que...
| 1566 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4i5.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-5-4 | SKIP code |
| 4864.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-24-46 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 6545 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 6
JLPT level N1
1077 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 郷 【キョウ】 hometown, rural township (of China)
- 郷愁 【キョウシュウ】 nostalgia, homesickness
- 同郷 【ドウキョウ】 same village, same town, same province
- 故郷 【コキョウ】 hometown, birthplace, native place, one's old home
- 郷 【ゴウ】 countryside, country, 50-home township (comprised of 2-3 neighbourhoods)
- 郷学 【ゴウガク】 village school (esp. in Edo-era Japan, and ancient Korea and China)
- 水郷 【スイゴウ】 beautiful riverside location, lakeside district, canal district
- 大西郷 【ダイサイゴウ】 the Great Saigo
Kun reading compounds
- 里 【さと】 village, hamlet, countryside, country, home (of one's parents, etc.), hometown, one's origins, one's upbringing, one's past
- 無何有の郷 【むかうのさと】 utopia, (natural) paradise
- 第二の故郷 【だいにのこきょう】 one's second home, home away from home
Readings
- Japanese names:
- くに
- Korean:
- hyang
Spanish
- ciudad natal
- pueblo
- lugar donde hay algo especial
Portuguese
- cidade natal
- aldeia
- lugar de nascimento
- distrito
French
- village natal
- village
- lieu de naissance
- région
| 852 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 841 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1004 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4766 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1165 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1830 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 2112 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 855 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 874 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1024 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 760 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 664 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 403 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 501 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1866 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 39498P | Morohashi |
| 549 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6145 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1849 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1993 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 920 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2744 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2d8.14 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-8 | SKIP code |
| 1-3-7 | SKIP code |
| 2772.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-31 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 90f7 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N4
304 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 空 【クウ】 empty air, sky, shunyata (the lack of an immutable intrinsic nature within any phenomenon), emptiness, air force, fruitlessness, meaninglessness, void (one of the five elements), empty (e.g. set)
- 空域 【クウイキ】 airspace
- 領空 【リョウクウ】 territorial airspace
- 防空 【ボウクウ】 air defense, air defence
Kun reading compounds
- 空 【そら】 sky, the air, the heavens, weather, far-off place, distant place, state of mind, feeling, (from) memory, (by) heart, falsehood, lie, somehow, vaguely, fake
- 空模様 【そらもよう】 look of the sky, weather
- 定めなき空 【さだめなきそら】 changeable weather
- 晴れた空 【はれたそら】 clear sky, cloudless sky
- 開く 【あく】 to open (e.g. doors), to open (e.g. business, etc.), to be empty, to be vacant, to be available, to be free, to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.), to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to come to an end, to open (one's eyes, mouth, etc.), to have a hole, to form a gap, to have an interval (between events)
- 空き 【あき】 space, room, gap, emptiness, vacancy, opening, empty seat, free time, time to spare, disuse, unused thing
- 空き缶 【あきかん】 empty can
- 開ける 【あける】 to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package), to unlock, to open (for business, etc.), to empty, to remove, to make space, to make room, to move out, to clear out, to be away from (e.g. one's house), to leave (temporarily), to dawn, to grow light, to end (of a period, season), to begin (of the New Year), to leave (one's schedule) open, to make time (for), to make (a hole), to open up (a hole)
- 空 【から】 emptiness, being empty, not carrying anything, unburdened, empty-handed, dishonoured (bill, promise, etc.), false, no-show (reservation), put-on (cheeriness, courage, etc.), empty (compliments), insincere
- 空手 【からて】 karate, being empty-handed, having nothing in one's hands
- もぬけの殻 【もぬけのから】 completely empty (of a residence, etc.), vacant, deserted, body from which the soul has left, corpse, shed skin (of a snake, insect, etc.)
- 空く 【すく】 to become less crowded, to thin out, to get empty, to be hungry
- 空かす 【すかす】 to feel hungry, to get hungry
- 虚しい 【むなしい】 empty, void, vacant, vain, fruitless, futile, ineffective, lifeless
Readings
- Japanese names:
- うつ、 き、 く
- Korean:
- gong
Spanish
- cielo
- atmósfera
- vacío
- vacante
- quedarse vacío
- vaciar
Portuguese
- esvaziar
- ceú
- desocupado
- vazio
- vácuo
French
- vide
- ciel
- vacant
- creux
| 65 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 66 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 15 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 233 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3317 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 184 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 77 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 723 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.17 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 140 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 140 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 461 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1452 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2767 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1418 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1913 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1327 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 25415 | Morohashi |
| 2227 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4192 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1317 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1414 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 304 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 73 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 772 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3m5.12 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-3-5 | SKIP code |
| 2-5-3 | SKIP code |
| 3010.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-85 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7a7a | Unicode hex code |