| 377 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 485 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 461 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 209 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 774 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 572 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 381 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 548 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 234 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 234 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 444 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 244 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 103 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 70 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 74 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 881 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 2742 | Morohashi |
| 93 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 617 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 872 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 937 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 193 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 501 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
co-, cooperation
- On:
- キョウ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N2
121 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 協議 【キョウギ】 conference, consultation, discussion, negotiation
- 協会 【キョウカイ】 association, society, organization, organisation
- 農協 【ノウキョウ】 agricultural cooperative
- 経協 【ケイキョウ】 management association, management conference, management institute
Readings
- Korean:
- hyeob
Spanish
- cooperación
- colaboración
Portuguese
- co-
- cooperação
French
- coopération
- co-
| 1445 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2k6.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-6 | SKIP code |
| 4402.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-08 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5354 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N3
413 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 商 【ショウ】 quotient, business, merchant, dealer, second degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale), Shang dynasty (of China; approx. 1600-1046 BCE), Yin dynasty
- 商会 【ショウカイ】 firm, company
- 年商 【ネンショウ】 yearly (annual) turnover
- 画商 【ガショウ】 picture dealer, commercial art gallery
Kun reading compounds
- 商う 【あきなう】 to trade in (commercial goods), to deal in, to sell
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あき
- Korean:
- sang
Spanish
- trato
- negociación
- vender
- tratar con
Portuguese
- Fazer um acordo
- vender
- comerciante
French
- commerce
- affaire
- vente
- distributeur
- marchand
| 431 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 333 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 317 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 353 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 321 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 293 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 414 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1526 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 412 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 418 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 684 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 330 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2623 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1341 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1818 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 446 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 3803 | Morohashi |
| 2116 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 832 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 439 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 471 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 375 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 375 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 449 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2j9.7 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-9 | SKIP code |
| 3-8-3 | SKIP code |
| 2-4-7 | SKIP code |
| 3-6-5 | SKIP code |
| 0022.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-30-06 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5546 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N5
3 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 国益 【コクエキ】 national interest
- 国営 【コクエイ】 government management, state management
- 最恵国 【サイケイコク】 most favored nation, most favoured nation, MFN
- 異国 【イコク】 foreign country
Kun reading compounds
- 国 【くに】 country, state, region, national government, central government, home (i.e. hometown, home country), province (of Japan), land, earth
- 国人 【こくじん】 indigenous person, inhabitant of a country, local, native, local lords and samurai, daimyo who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
- お国 【おくに】 your native country, your hometown, my home country (i.e. Japan), countryside, country, daimyo's territory (Edo period)
- 現国 【うつしくに】 world of mankind, this world
Readings
- Japanese names:
- くな、 こ
- Korean:
- gug
Spanish
- país
Portuguese
- País
- terra
- nação
French
- pays
| 79 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 136 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 123 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 8 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1037 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 111 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 36 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 745 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 40 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 40 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 151 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 344 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3831 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1964 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2659 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 588 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 4752 | Morohashi |
| 3087 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 950 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 581 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 624 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 4 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 158 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3172 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3s5.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-5 | SKIP code |
| 6010.3 | Four corner code |
| 1-25-81 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 56fd | Unicode hex code |