| 535 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 634 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 604 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 607 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 642 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 792 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 348 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 349 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 832 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 851 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 662 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 166 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 88 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 57 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 61 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1416 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1622 | Morohashi |
| 80 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 419 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1404 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1506 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 493 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
667 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 冷 【レイ】 refrigerator, cold, cool, cold sake
- 冷夏 【レイカ】 cool summer, cold summer, cooler-than-normal summer
- 寒冷 【カンレイ】 cold, coldness, chilliness
- 空冷 【クウレイ】 air cooling
Kun reading compounds
- 冷たい 【つめたい】 cold (to the touch), chilly, icy, freezing, (emotionally) cold, coldhearted, unfeeling, indifferent, unfriendly, distant
- 冷たい暗黒物質 【つめたいあんこくぶっしつ】 cold dark matter
- 冷える 【ひえる】 to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator), to get chilly, to cool down
- 冷や 【ひや】 cold water, cold sake, cold, cool, chilled, unheated
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- お冷 【おひや】 cold (drinking) water, (glass of) cold water, cold boiled rice
- 冷ややか 【ひややか】 cold, chilly, cool, cold (attitude, stare, etc.), frigid, indifferent, distant, surly, curt, composed, cool, calm
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- 冷やかす 【ひやかす】 to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate, to window-shop, to look at without buying
- 冷める 【さめる】 to cool down, to get cold, to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.), to subside, to dampen, to fade, to wane, to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.), to be composed
- 冷ます 【さます】 to cool (e.g. from a high temperature to room temperature), to let cool, to dampen, to throw a damper on, to spoil
Readings
- Korean:
- raeng
Spanish
- frío
- enfriar
- enfriarse
- helarse
- helar
Portuguese
- fresco
- frio (cerveja
- pessoa)
- calafrio
French
- froid
- fraîche (bière)
- froide (personne)
- refroidir
| 344 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2b5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-5 | SKIP code |
| 3812.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-68 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 51b7 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N4
1046 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 飯店 【ハンテン】 Chinese restaurant
- 飯切 【ハンギリ】 flat-bottomed wooden bowl for preparing sushi rice
- 米飯 【ベイハン】 cooked rice
- 赤飯 【セキハン】 red rice (beans and mochi) for auspicious occasions
Kun reading compounds
- 飯 【めし】 cooked rice, meal, food, one's living, livelihood
- 飯売女 【めしうりおんな】 maid at an inn who served clients and worked as a prostitute (Edo period)
- 握り飯 【にぎりめし】 onigiri, rice ball
- 冷や飯 【ひやめし】 cold rice, hanger-on, dependent, disgraced former actor
Readings
- Japanese names:
- い、 いい、 いり、 え
- Korean:
- ban
Spanish
- comida
- arroz cocido
Portuguese
- refeição
- arroz cozido
French
- repas
- riz bouilli
| 696 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 594 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 565 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1083 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5158 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 768 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 279 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1964 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.12 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 325 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 325 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 604 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1904 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2126 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1110 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1509 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1485 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 44064P | Morohashi |
| 1691 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6679 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1473 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1583 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 597 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2867 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8b4.5 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-8-4 | SKIP code |
| 8174.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-40-51 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 98ef | Unicode hex code |
食
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N5
328 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 食 【ショク】 food, foodstuff, eating, appetite, meal, portion
- 食 【ショク】 eclipse (solar, lunar, etc.), occultation
- 飽食 【ホウショク】 eating until one is full, eating one's fill, gorging (on), satiation, having adequate food, having all one needs (for daily living), plenty
- 会食 【カイショク】 eating together, dining together, having a meal together
- 食 【ショク】 food, foodstuff, eating, appetite, meal, portion
- 食堂 【ジキドウ】 dining hall (at a temple)
- 断食 【ダンジキ】 fasting, fast
- 斎食 【サイジキ】 morning meal (for priests, monks, etc.), food offering at a Buddhist ceremony
Kun reading compounds
- 食う 【くう】 to eat, to live, to make a living, to survive, to bite, to sting (as insects do), to tease, to torment, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of, to encroach on, to eat into, to consume, to defeat a superior, to threaten a position, to consume time and-or resources, to receive something (usu. an unfavourable event), to have sexual relations with a woman, esp. for the first time
- 食うや食わず 【くうやくわず】 (living) from hand to mouth, living on the fringe of subsistence
- 食らう 【くらう】 to eat, to drink, to wolf, to knock back, to receive (e.g. a blow), to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable), to undergo (trouble)
- 食べる 【たべる】 to eat, to live on (e.g. a salary), to live off, to subsist on
- 食べるラー油 【たべるラーゆ】 chili oil mixed with chopped garlic, onions, etc.
- 食む 【はむ】 to eat (fodder, grass, etc.), to receive (a salary), to receive a stipend from one's lord
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ぐい
- Korean:
- sig, sa
Spanish
- alimento
- comida
- eclipse
- comer
Portuguese
- comer
- comida
- alimento
French
- manger
- nourriture
| 253 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 163 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 146 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 269 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 5154 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 283 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 99 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1159 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.13 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 322 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 322 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 131 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1900 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2578 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1316 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1787 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1484 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 44014 | Morohashi |
| 2075 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6674 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1472 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1582 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 207 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 180 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2865 | 2001 Kanji |
| 8b0.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-7 | SKIP code |
| 8073.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-31-09 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 98df | Unicode hex code |