| 535 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 634 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 604 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 607 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 642 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 792 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 348 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 349 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 832 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 851 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 662 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 166 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 88 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 57 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 61 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1416 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1622 | Morohashi |
| 80 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 419 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1404 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1506 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 493 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
667 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 冷 【レイ】 refrigerator, cold, cool, cold sake
- 冷夏 【レイカ】 cool summer, cold summer, cooler-than-normal summer
- 寒冷 【カンレイ】 cold, coldness, chilliness
- 空冷 【クウレイ】 air cooling
Kun reading compounds
- 冷たい 【つめたい】 cold (to the touch), chilly, icy, freezing, (emotionally) cold, coldhearted, unfeeling, indifferent, unfriendly, distant
- 冷たい暗黒物質 【つめたいあんこくぶっしつ】 cold dark matter
- 冷える 【ひえる】 to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator), to get chilly, to cool down
- 冷や 【ひや】 cold water, cold sake, cold, cool, chilled, unheated
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- お冷 【おひや】 cold (drinking) water, (glass of) cold water, cold boiled rice
- 冷ややか 【ひややか】 cold, chilly, cool, cold (attitude, stare, etc.), frigid, indifferent, distant, surly, curt, composed, cool, calm
- 冷やす 【ひやす】 to cool (from room temperature), to chill, to refrigerate, to calm down, to cool off, to regain one's composure, to relax, to be frightened (at), to be scared (of)
- 冷やかす 【ひやかす】 to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate, to window-shop, to look at without buying
- 冷める 【さめる】 to cool down, to get cold, to cool off (excitement, temper, etc.), to subside, to dampen, to fade, to wane, to be cold (eyes, expression, etc.), to be composed
- 冷ます 【さます】 to cool (e.g. from a high temperature to room temperature), to let cool, to dampen, to throw a damper on, to spoil
Readings
- Korean:
- raeng
Spanish
- frío
- enfriar
- enfriarse
- helarse
- helar
Portuguese
- fresco
- frio (cerveja
- pessoa)
- calafrio
French
- froid
- fraîche (bière)
- froide (personne)
- refroidir
| 344 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2b5.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-5 | SKIP code |
| 3812.7 | Four corner code |
| 1-46-68 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 51b7 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in junior high
JLPT level N1
1932 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 奴隷 【ドレイ】 slave, servant, slavery
- 奴智鮫 【ドチザメ】 banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium, found in the northwest Pacific from southern Siberia to Taiwan)
- 売国奴 【バイコクド】 traitor (to one's country), quisling
- 農奴 【ノウド】 serf
Kun reading compounds
- 奴 【やつ】 fellow, guy, chap, thing, object, he, she, him, her
- 臣 【やつこ】 slave, retainer, servant, captive, varlet, I, me
- 懲りない奴 【こりないやつ】 person (generally male) who won't learn their lesson, persistent jerk
- 何奴 【どいつ】 who
- 奴 【やっこ】 servant (esp. a samurai's attendant), chivalrous man (Edo period), cubed tofu (often served cold), kite shaped like an Edo-period footman, Edo-period hairstyle worn by samurai's attendants, enslavement (of a woman; Edo-period punishment for her own or her husband's crime), he, she, him, her
- 奴頭 【やっこあたま】 Edo-period hairstyle worn by samurai's attendants
- 輪抜奴 【わぬけやっこ】 bluering angelfish (Pomacanthus annularis)
- 三下奴 【さんしたやっこ】 petty underling, small fry
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ぬ
- Korean:
- no
Spanish
- esclavo
- criado
- siervo
- individuo
- desprecio
- insulto
Portuguese
- serva
- escrava
- dama de companhia
French
- mec
- type
- esclave
- valet
- suffixe insultant
| 1638 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1891 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 1186 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 1869 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 256 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 1933 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 2118 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 1871 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 431 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 217 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 136 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 164 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 709 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 6039 | Morohashi |
| 187 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1174 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 702 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 758 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 1045 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1767 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3e2.2 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-3-2 | SKIP code |
| 4744.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-37-59 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5974 | Unicode hex code |