| 376 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 484 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 460 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 159 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 581 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 240 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 342 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 292 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 196 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 196 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 419 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 154 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3045 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1551 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2122 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1812 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1458 | Morohashi |
| 2393 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 373 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1795 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1934 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 106 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 464 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 4
JLPT level N3
174 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 共演 【キョウエン】 appearing together (in a film, play, etc.), performing together (at a concert, etc.), acting together, co-starring, playing together (in a sports match)
- 共栄 【キョウエイ】 mutual prosperity
- 反共 【ハンキョウ】 anticommunism
- 中共 【チュウキョウ】 Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Communists, Communist China
Kun reading compounds
- 共 【とも】 together with, same, both, all, neither, none, including ...
- 共に 【ともに】 together, jointly, at the same time, with, as ..., including, along with, both
- 送料共 【そうりょうとも】 including postage
- 母子とも 【ぼしとも】 both mother and child
- 共に 【ともに】 together, jointly, at the same time, with, as ..., including, along with, both
- 共にする 【ともにする】 to do together, to share, to participate in
Readings
- Korean:
- gong
Spanish
- ambos
- conjuntamente
- juntos
- también
Portuguese
- juntamente
- ambos (em afirm.)
- nenhum (em neg.)
- todo
- e
- da mesma forma
- com
French
- ensemble
- les deux
- ni l'un ni l'autre
- tous
- et
- semblable
- avec
| 1961 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3k3.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-4-2 | SKIP code |
| 2-3-3 | SKIP code |
| 4480.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-22-06 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5171 | Unicode hex code |
traffic, pass through, avenue, commute, counter for letters, notes, documents, etc.
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
80 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 通 【ツウ】 authority, expert, connoisseur, well-informed person, counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc., understanding (esp. of male-female relations), tact, insight, supernatural powers, magical powers
- 通院 【ツウイン】 going to the hospital for regular treatment, going to the hospital regularly
- 富士通 【フジツウ】 Fujitsu
- 食通 【ショクツウ】 gourmandism, gourmet, gourmand, foodie
- 通 【ツウ】 authority, expert, connoisseur, well-informed person, counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc., understanding (esp. of male-female relations), tact, insight, supernatural powers, magical powers
- 通院 【ツウイン】 going to the hospital for regular treatment, going to the hospital regularly
Kun reading compounds
- 通る 【とおる】 to go by, to go past, to go along, to travel along, to pass through, to use (a road), to take (a route), to go via, to go by way of, to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.), to operate (between), to connect, to go indoors, to go into a room, to be admitted, to be shown in, to be ushered in, to come in, to penetrate, to pierce, to skewer, to go through, to come through, to permeate, to soak into, to spread throughout, to carry (e.g. of a voice), to reach far, to be passed on (e.g. of a customer's order to the kitchen), to be relayed, to be conveyed, to pass (a test, a bill in the House, etc.), to be approved, to be accepted, to go by (a name), to be known as, to be accepted as, to have a reputation for, to be coherent, to be logical, to be reasonable, to be comprehensible, to be understandable, to make sense, to get across (e.g. of one's point), to be understood, to pass for, to come across as, to seem like, to be straight (e.g. wood grain), to be well-informed, to be wise, to do ... completely, to do ... thoroughly
- 通り 【とおり】 street, road, avenue, thoroughfare, traffic, coming and going, flow (of water, air, etc.), passage, running, transmission (of sound), reach (of voice), reputation, favor, favour, popularity, understanding, comprehension, comprehensibility, clarity, the same way (as), as (follows, stated, expected, etc.), counter for sets of things, counter for methods, ways, kinds, etc.
- 通り過ぎる 【とおりすぎる】 to go past, to pass, to pass by
- 通す 【とおす】 to stick through, to force through, to spread throughout, to thoroughly diffuse, to make a path between two points, to proceed in a logical manner, to let pass, to allow through, to lead (someone) into (a house, room, etc.), to show in, to go through (a middleman), to (look, listen) through (a window, wall, etc.), to pass (a law, applicant, etc.), to force to accept, to force agreement, to continue (in a state), to persist in, to do to the entirety of, to cover all of, to span the whole ..., to do from beginning to end without a break, to convey (one's ideas, etc.) to the other party, to do to the end, to carry through, to complete
- 通し 【とおし】 continuing from beginning to end, continuous run, consecutive run, appetizer, starter, hors d'oeuvre, performance of an entire play
- 通し切符 【とおしきっぷ】 through ticket (e.g. rail, air), ticket good for multiple performances (e.g. both matinee and evening shows), all-day ticket, season ticket
- 切通し 【きりどおし】 road (or railway) cut through hilly terrain, cutting
- 通う 【かよう】 to go to and from (a place), to go back and forth between, to run between (e.g. bus, train, etc.), to ply between, to go to (school, work, etc.), to attend, to commute, to frequent, to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity), to be communicated (e.g. thought), to resemble
Readings
- Japanese names:
- とん、 どうし、 どおり、 みち
- Korean:
- tong
Spanish
- atravesar
- traspasar
- hacer saber
- pasar
- ir y venir
Portuguese
- tráfego
- passar através de
- avenida
- comutar
- sufixo para contagem de letras
French
- circulation
- passer par
- avenue
- trajet (travail)
- compteur de lettres, notes, ...
| 281 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 193 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 176 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 71 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 4703 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 201 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 261 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 1239 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 3.11 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 150 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 150 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 204 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 695 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3855 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1982 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2678 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1420 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 38892P | Morohashi |
| 3109 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 6063 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1408 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1511 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 97 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 198 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 3553 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2q7.18 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 3-3-7 | SKIP code |
| 3-2-7 | SKIP code |
| 3730.2 | Four corner code |
| 1-36-44 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 901a | Unicode hex code |
ancestor, pioneer, founder
- On:
- ソ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N3
1226 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 祖 【ソ】 ancestor, forefather, progenitor, originator, pioneer, inventor, founder, grandfather
- 祖国 【ソコク】 homeland, motherland, fatherland, native country
- 元祖 【ガンソ】 originator, pioneer, inventor, founder, progenitor, primogenitor, founder of a family line
- 教祖 【キョウソ】 founder of a religious sect
Readings
- Japanese names:
- い
- Korean:
- jo
Spanish
- antepasado
- pionero
- fundador
Portuguese
- antecessor
- pioneiro
- fundador
French
- ancêtre
- pionnier
- fondateur
| 657 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 758 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 736 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 1325 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 3243 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 540 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 772 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 850 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 622 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 632 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 824 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 1423 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 1145 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 617 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 823 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1795 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 24664P | Morohashi |
| 914 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 4083 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1779 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1918 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 701 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 673 | 2001 Kanji |
| 4e5.4 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-4-5 | SKIP code |
| 3721.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-33-36 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 7956 | Unicode hex code |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 1
JLPT level N5
173 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 先 【セン】 former, previous, old, first move (in go, shogi, etc.), opening move
- 先駆 【センク】 forerunner, precursor, pioneer, leader, outrider, outriding
- 機先 【キセン】 forestall
- 互先 【タガイセン】 even game (esp. in go)
Kun reading compounds
- 先 【さき】 point, tip, end, nozzle, head (of a line), front, first, before, ahead (of), (the way) ahead, beyond, future, previous, prior, former, recent, last, destination, address, place where you do something, rest (e.g. of a story), continuation, remaining part, the other party
- 先行き 【さきゆき】 the future, future prospects
- 小手先 【こてさき】 tip of the hand, (use of) one's hands, cheap trick, superficial wit, superficial cleverness, cheap, makeshift (e.g. measures), shortsighted, perfunctory, halfhearted
- 矛先 【ほこさき】 point of a spear, spearhead, focus (of one's attack, criticism, etc.), aim, target, brunt, force (of an argument), edge
- 先ず 【まず】 first (of all), firstly, to begin with, before anything else, probably, most likely, almost certainly, virtually, more or less (satisfactory), on the whole, reasonably, anyway, at any rate, for now (at least), for the time being
- まず第一に 【まずだいいちに】 first of all, in the first place, to begin with, for starters
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ぽん
- Korean:
- seon
Spanish
- antes
- adelante
- previo
- precedencia
- extremo
- punta
- final
- anterior
Portuguese
- antes
- prévio
- na frente
- futuro
- precedência
French
- avant
- devant
- précédent
- futur
- antériorité
| 33 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 43 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 49 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 201 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 571 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 65 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 16 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 280 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.18 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 50 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 50 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 48 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 145 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 3046 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1552 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2123 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 254 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 1349 | Morohashi |
| 2394 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 350 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 248 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 263 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 115 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 54 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2457 | 2001 Kanji |
| 3b3.7 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-4-2 | SKIP code |
| 2421.1 | Four corner code |
| 1-32-72 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 5148 | Unicode hex code |