| 70 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 121 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 109 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 373 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 770 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 93 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 32 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 154 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.5 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 172 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 172 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 86 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 278 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 2495 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1262 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 1728 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 16 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 3233 | Morohashi |
| 2002 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 702 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 16 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 16 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 320 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 107 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 2
JLPT level N4
509 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 古参 【コサン】 seniority, long service
- 古今 【ココン】 ancient and modern times, all ages, past and present
- 蒙古 【モウコ】 Mongolia (region), Greater Mongolia, Mongolian Plateau, Mongols (nomadic tribe)
- 懐古 【カイコ】 reminiscence, nostalgia, thinking fondly of the past, recalling the old days
Kun reading compounds
- 古い 【ふるい】 old, aged, ancient, antiquated, antique, timeworn, long, since long ago, time-honored, of the distant past, long-ago, stale, threadbare, hackneyed, corny, old-fashioned, outmoded, out-of-date
- 古家 【ふるいえ】 old house, deserted house
Readings
- Japanese names:
- ふゆ
- Korean:
- go
Spanish
- viejo
- antiguo
- desgastar
Portuguese
- velho
French
- vieux
| 1577 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2k3.1 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 2-2-3 | SKIP code |
| 4060.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-24-37 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 53e4 | Unicode hex code |
substitute, change, convert, replace, period, age, counter for decades of ages, eras, etc., generation, charge, rate, fee
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 3
JLPT level N4
66 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 代 【ダイ】 charge, cost, price, generation, age, (school) year, cohort, reign, era, a representative of, on behalf of, for (someone), switchboard number, counter for decades of ages, eras, etc., counter for generations (of inheritors to a throne, etc.), proxy application company, pronoun
- 代官 【ダイカン】 local governor (Edo period), local magistrate, bailiff, deputy official (Middle Ages), acting administrator
- 大時代 【オオジダイ】 old-fashioned, antiquated, anachronistic
- 次代 【ジダイ】 the next era
- 代謝 【タイシャ】 metabolism, renewal, regeneration, replacing the old with the new
- 代赭 【タイシャ】 red ocher (ochre)
- 永代 【エイタイ】 permanence, eternity
- 希代 【キタイ】 uncommon, rare, extraordinary, matchless
Kun reading compounds
- 替わる 【かわる】 to succeed, to relieve, to replace, to take the place of, to substitute for, to take over for, to represent, to hand over (telephone), to be exchanged, to change (places with), to switch
- 代わる代わる 【かわるがわる】 alternately, by turns
- 替わる 【かわる】 to succeed, to relieve, to replace, to take the place of, to substitute for, to take over for, to represent, to hand over (telephone), to be exchanged, to change (places with), to switch
- 代わる代わる 【かわるがわる】 alternately, by turns
- 代わり 【かわり】 substitute, replacement, substituting, replacing, stand-in, proxy, alternate, deputy, relief, successor, compensation, exchange, return, another helping, second helping, seconds, refill, upcoming program, upcoming programme
- 変わり目 【かわりめ】 turning point, change, transition, turn (of the tide, century, etc.), point of difference
- 代わり 【かわり】 substitute, replacement, substituting, replacing, stand-in, proxy, alternate, deputy, relief, successor, compensation, exchange, return, another helping, second helping, seconds, refill, upcoming program, upcoming programme
- 変わり目 【かわりめ】 turning point, change, transition, turn (of the tide, century, etc.), point of difference
- 替える 【かえる】 to replace, to convert, to change, to exchange, to interchange, to renew, to substitute (person, staff member, player, etc.)
- 世 【よ】 world, society, public, life, lifetime, age, era, period, epoch, generation, reign, rule, the times, world (of existence)
- 代々 【よよ】 for generations, from generation to generation, generation after generation, through the ages
- 千代 【ちよ】 thousand years, very long period, forever
- 君が代 【きみがよ】 Imperial reign, Kimigayo (Japanese national anthem)
- 代 【しろ】 substitution, material, price, margin (e.g. for stapling, etc.), area required for something, shiro (unit of land area equal to one-fiftieth of a tan; approx. 19.83 m.sq.)
- 代物 【しろもの】 article, goods, product, fine thing, fellow, affair, stuff, prostitute, price, cost, money
- 地代 【ちだい】 land rent
- 阿代 【あしろ】 Ophidion asiro (species of cusk eel)
Readings
- Japanese names:
- す
- Korean:
- dae
Spanish
- generación
- reinado
- sustituir
- reemplazar
- relevar
Portuguese
- substituto
- mudança
- convertido
- repor
- período
- idade
- geração
- carga
- valor
- taxa
French
- substituer
- changer
- convertir
- remplacer
- période
- âge
- ère
- génération
- montant d'argent
- taux
- prix
- redevance
| 463 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 358 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 338 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 68 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 364 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 85 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 111 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 125 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 2.10 | Japanese for Busy People |
| 256 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 256 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 413 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 61 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 34 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 18 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 18 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 1014 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 386 | Morohashi |
| 30 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 125 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 1005 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 1080 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 87 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 257 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 2156 | 2001 Kanji |
| 2a3.3 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 1-2-3 | SKIP code |
| 2324.0 | Four corner code |
| 1-34-69 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 4ee3 | Unicode hex code |
history, chronicle
- On:
- シ
Jōyō kanji, taught in grade 5
JLPT level N2
511 of 2500 most used kanji in newspapers
Stroke order
On reading compounds
- 史 【シ】 history
- 史家 【シカ】 historian
- 通史 【ツウシ】 overview of history
- 正史 【セイシ】 official history, authorized history
Readings
- Japanese names:
- あきら、 あや、 お、 こ、 ちか、 とし、 なか、 のぶ、 ひさ、 ひと、 ふみ
- Korean:
- sa
Spanish
- historia
- crónica
Portuguese
- história
- crônica
French
- histoire
- chronique
| 411 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese (Florence Sakade) |
| 523 | A Guide To Reading and Writing Japanese 3rd edition (Henshall, Seeley and De Groot) |
| 496 | A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters (Kenneth G. Henshall) |
| 563 | A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage |
| 91 | Classic Nelson (Andrew Nelson) |
| 81 | Essential Kanji (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 398 | Japanese Kanji Flashcards (Max Hodges and Tomoko Okazaki) |
| 183 | Japanese Names (P.G. O’Neill) |
| 332 | Kanji and Kana (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 332 | Kanji and Kana, 2nd Edition (Spahn and Hadamitzky) |
| 705 | Kanji in Context (Nishiguchi and Kono) |
| 317 | Kodansha Compact Kanji Guide |
| 4324 | Kodansha Kanji Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2188 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 2946 | Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary, 2nd Edition (Jack Halpern) |
| 699 | Les Kanjis dans la tete (Yves Maniette) |
| 3249 | Morohashi |
| 3510 | New Japanese English Character Dictionary (Jack Halpern) |
| 697 | New Nelson (John Haig) |
| 692 | Remembering The Kanji (James Heisig) |
| 747 | Remembering The Kanji, 6th edition (James Heisig) |
| 300 | The Kanji Way to Japanese Language Power (Dale Crowley) |
| 450 | Tuttle Kanji Cards (Alexander Kask) |
| 1666 | 2001 Kanji |
| 0a5.38 | The Kanji Dictionary |
| 4-5-4 | SKIP code |
| 5004.6 | Four corner code |
| 5000.6 | Four corner code |
| 1-27-43 | JIS X 0208-1997 kuten code |
| 53f2 | Unicode hex code |